Next-generation rifamycins for the treatment of mycobacterial infections

V Véronique Dartois (Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health) T Tian Lan U Uday S. Ganapathy (Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health) C Chui Fann Wong (Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health) J Jickky P. Sarathy (Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health) D Diana C. Jimenez (Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University) I Ilham M. Alshiraihi (Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University) H Ha Lam (Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University) S Suyapa Rodriguez (Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health) M Min Xie M Maritza Soto-Ojeda (Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University) M Mary Jackson W William Wheat (Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University) N Nathan C. Dillman (Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota) K Kateryna Kostenkova (Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota) J Jake Schmitt (Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota) L Lea Mann (Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg) A Adrian Richter (Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg) P Peter Imming J Jansy Sarathy (Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health) F Firat Kaya (Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health) S Sindhuja Paruchuri (Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health) B Betelhem Tatek (Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health) C Camilla Folvar (Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health) J Julianna Proietto (Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health) M Matthew Zimmerman (Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health) M Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero (Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University) C Courtney C. Aldrich T Thomas Dick (Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health)

Abstract

Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing nontuberculous Mycobacterium causing severe pulmonary infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals and patients with underlying lung conditions like cystic fibrosis (CF). While rifamycins are the pillar of tuberculosis treatment, their efficacy against M. abscessus lung disease is severely compromised by intrabacterial ADP-ribosylation. Additionally, rifamycins induce cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), a major human drug-metabolizing enzyme, further limiting their use in patients with comorbidities that require treatment with CYP3A4 substrates such as CF and HIV coinfection. We chemically reengineered rifabutin to enhance its potency against M. abscessus by blocking intrabacterial inactivation and eliminate drug–drug interactions by removing induction of CYP3A4 gene expression. We have designed and profiled a series of C25-substituted derivatives resistant to intracellular inactivation and lacking CYP3A4 induction, while retaining excellent pharmacological properties. Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis , devoid of ADP-ribosyltransferase, the frontrunners are equipotent to rifabutin, suggesting superior clinical utility since they no longer come with the drug interaction liability typical of rifamycins. Prioritized compounds demonstrated superior antibacterial activity against a panel of M. abscessus clinical isolates, were highly bactericidal against replicating and drug-tolerant nonreplicating bacteria in caseum surrogate and were active against intracellular bacteria. As single agents, these rifamycins were as effective as a standard-of-care four-drug combination in a murine model of M. abscessus lung infection.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 18
Published May 06, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (29)

V

Véronique Dartois

Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health

T

Tian Lan

U

Uday S. Ganapathy

Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health

C

Chui Fann Wong

Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health

J

Jickky P. Sarathy

Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health

D

Diana C. Jimenez

Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University

I

Ilham M. Alshiraihi

Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University

H

Ha Lam

Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University

S

Suyapa Rodriguez

Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health

M

Min Xie

M

Maritza Soto-Ojeda

Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University

M

Mary Jackson

W

William Wheat

Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University

N

Nathan C. Dillman

Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota

K

Kateryna Kostenkova

Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota

J

Jake Schmitt

Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota

L

Lea Mann

Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg

A

Adrian Richter

Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg

P

Peter Imming

J

Jansy Sarathy

Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health

F

Firat Kaya

Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health

S

Sindhuja Paruchuri

Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health

B

Betelhem Tatek

Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health

C

Camilla Folvar

Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health

J

Julianna Proietto

Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health

M

Matthew Zimmerman

Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health

M

Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero

Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University

C

Courtney C. Aldrich

T

Thomas Dick

Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health