MUTE‐Seq: An Ultrasensitive Method for Detecting Low‐Frequency Mutations in cfDNA With Engineered Advanced‐Fidelity FnCas9

S Sunghyeok Ye (GeneCker Seoul 04793 South Korea) J Jin‐Soo Kim (Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center Seoul 07061 South Korea) M Myungshin Kim (Department of Laboratory Medicine College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul 06591 South Korea) K Ki‐Yeon Kim (GeneCker Seoul 04793 South Korea) Y Yoon‐Ho Won (GeneCker Seoul 04793 South Korea) T Taegun Park (GeneCker Seoul 04793 South Korea) S Sungjae An H Haerin Jeong (GeneCker Seoul 04793 South Korea) H Hee‐Joon Chung (GeneCker Seoul 04793 South Korea) I In Seon Lee (GeneCker Seoul 04793 South Korea) M Myoung‐Hee Kang (Department of Neurosurgery College of Medicine Korea University Seoul 02841 South Korea) C Chan Young Kang (Department of Neurosurgery College of Medicine Korea University Seoul 02841 South Korea) M Mi Young Kim (Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center Seoul 07061 South Korea) J Jae Ho Chung J Jeong‐An Gim (Department of Medical Science Soonchunhyang University Asan‐si Chungcheongnam‐do 31538 South Korea) W Woochang Hwang (Department of Pre‐Medicine College of Medicine Hanyang University Seoul 04763 South Korea) Y Yonggoo Kim (Department of Laboratory Medicine College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul 06591 South Korea) S Song Cheol Kim S Sungho Lee (Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular surgery College of Medicine Korea University Seoul 02841 South Korea) J Junho K Hur (Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Hanyang University Seoul 04763 South Korea) J Junseok W Hur (GeneCker Seoul 04793 South Korea)

Abstract

Abstract In this study, we present the development of the Mutation tagging by CRISPR‐based Ultra‐precise Targeted Elimination in Sequencing (MUTE‐Seq) method. We engineered a highly precise advanced‐fidelity FnCas9 variant, named FnCas9‐AF2, to effectively discriminate single‐base mismatches at all positions of the single guide RNA (sgRNA) target sequences. FnCas9‐AF2 exhibited significantly lower off‐target effects compared to existing high‐fidelity CRISPR‐Cas9 variants. MUTE‐Seq leverages FnCas9‐AF2 for the enrichment of mutant DNA through the exclusive cleavage of perfectly matched wild‐type DNA, allowing for sensitive detection of low‐frequency cancer‐associated mutant alleles. MUTE‐Seq enabled sensitive monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) from the bone marrow of patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Furthermore, MUTE‐Seq was applied in a multiplexed manner on cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) from patients diagnosed with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic cancer. This approach demonstrated a significant improvement in the sensitivity of simultaneous mutant detection and highlighted its clinical utility for early‐stage cancer patients with extremely low levels of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). We anticipate that the FnCas9‐AF2‐based MUTE‐Seq could offer a valuable clinical tool to facilitate improved molecular diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and treatment planning for cancers in various stages.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 37, Issue 47
Published November 01, 2025
ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher Unknown Publisher

Journal Info

Advanced Materials

Unknown Publisher

ISSN: 0935-9648 Physical Sciences

Authors (21)

S

Sunghyeok Ye

GeneCker Seoul 04793 South Korea

J

Jin‐Soo Kim

Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center Seoul 07061 South Korea

M

Myungshin Kim

Department of Laboratory Medicine College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul 06591 South Korea

K

Ki‐Yeon Kim

GeneCker Seoul 04793 South Korea

Y

Yoon‐Ho Won

GeneCker Seoul 04793 South Korea

T

Taegun Park

GeneCker Seoul 04793 South Korea

S

Sungjae An

H

Haerin Jeong

GeneCker Seoul 04793 South Korea

H

Hee‐Joon Chung

GeneCker Seoul 04793 South Korea

I

In Seon Lee

GeneCker Seoul 04793 South Korea

M

Myoung‐Hee Kang

Department of Neurosurgery College of Medicine Korea University Seoul 02841 South Korea

C

Chan Young Kang

Department of Neurosurgery College of Medicine Korea University Seoul 02841 South Korea

M

Mi Young Kim

Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center Seoul 07061 South Korea

J

Jae Ho Chung

J

Jeong‐An Gim

Department of Medical Science Soonchunhyang University Asan‐si Chungcheongnam‐do 31538 South Korea

W

Woochang Hwang

Department of Pre‐Medicine College of Medicine Hanyang University Seoul 04763 South Korea

Y

Yonggoo Kim

Department of Laboratory Medicine College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul 06591 South Korea

S

Song Cheol Kim

S

Sungho Lee

Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular surgery College of Medicine Korea University Seoul 02841 South Korea

J

Junho K Hur

Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Hanyang University Seoul 04763 South Korea

J

Junseok W Hur

GeneCker Seoul 04793 South Korea