Multichannel Immune Nanoregulators Suppress Lactic Acid Metabolism and Lactic Acid‐Shaped Acidic Microenvironment to Uproot Anti‐Tumor Immunosuppression

C Chao Fang (State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM)) Q Qiuxia Peng (Department of Orthopedics and Central Laboratory Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road Chengdu Sichuan 610072 China) X Xiaoying Li X Xiao Qu Z Zi Qiao (Department of Orthopedics and Central Laboratory Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road Chengdu Sichuan 610072 China) B Binxu Yin L Lujia Xiao (Department of Orthopedics Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan China) Y Yi Chen X Xiulin Dong L Lulu Cai (Department of Orthopedics and Central Laboratory Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road Chengdu Sichuan 610072 China) L Litao Sun (School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University) K Kun Zhang

Abstract

Abstract Lactic acid (LA) itself and the LA‐shaped acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) are identified as root causes of cancer immunosuppression, and no effective strategies address them. Here a multichannel immune nanoregulator is engineered to dampen acidic TME and repolarize non‐inflammatory macrophages to uproot this source of cancer immunosuppression, wherein fluorocarbon chains (FC)‐modified mesoporous silica (FM) serves as nanoreactors and carriers to in situ synthesize CaO 2 and load R848, respectively, followed by liposome coating, anti‐CD105 modification and FC‐mediated O 2 binding in sequence. Both liposome shell and intraparticle FC ensure safe CaO 2 delivery. Ultrasound‐triggered FC‐binding O 2 burst and liposomes‐destruction‐enhanced CaO 2 reactions with H + and H 2 O produce O 2 . This process depletes pre‐existing H + and inhibits glycolysis LA production to cut off acidic TME source, and uproots their actions in reshaping cancer immunosuppression, e.g., removing the polarization impetus toward non‐inflammatory M2 ones, addressing both symptoms and root causes of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and PD1+ T cells inactivation, etc. The cancer immunosuppression uprooting encourages the anti‐tumor efficacy of cancer calcification and intratumoral H 2 O 2 accumulation in the immune nanoregulators especially after anti‐CD105‐mediated active targeting accumulation. Collectively, this work presents a solution to uproot LA and non‐inflammatory macrophages‐induced cancer immunosuppression.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 38, Issue 3
Published January 01, 2026
ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher Unknown Publisher

Journal Info

Advanced Materials

Unknown Publisher

ISSN: 0935-9648 Physical Sciences

Authors (12)

C

Chao Fang

State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM)

Q

Qiuxia Peng

Department of Orthopedics and Central Laboratory Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road Chengdu Sichuan 610072 China

X

Xiaoying Li

X

Xiao Qu

Z

Zi Qiao

Department of Orthopedics and Central Laboratory Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road Chengdu Sichuan 610072 China

B

Binxu Yin

L

Lujia Xiao

Department of Orthopedics Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan China

Y

Yi Chen

X

Xiulin Dong

L

Lulu Cai

Department of Orthopedics and Central Laboratory Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road Chengdu Sichuan 610072 China

L

Litao Sun

School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University

K

Kun Zhang