Motor function tests as early indicators of cognitive and functional decline in older adults: A correlational study

Abstract

Objectives This study aimed to explore the relationship between selected motor performance tests and indicators of cognitive impairment in older adults. Specifically, it examined associations with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale. A secondary aim was to assess whether these motor tests correlate more strongly with cognitive and functional status than with chronological age. Methods Sixty-two institutionalized adults aged 60 years and older were evaluated. Motor performance was measured using tasks from the Vienna Test System (MLS), including pin insertion, tapping, targeting, tremor control, and line tracking. Handgrip strength was also assessed as a reference. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to examine relationships among motor test scores, MMSE, IADL, and age. Results Most fine motor tests showed moderate to strong correlations with MMSE and IADL scores, but not with chronological age. Pin insertion, tracking, and tremor control were especially indicative of cognitive and functional status. Handgrip strength, by contrast, was significantly associated with age but not with MMSE or IADL. Conclusion Fine motor tasks, particularly pin insertion and tracking, show significant associations with cognitive and functional performance in older adults. These findings suggest that such tasks may hold potential as practical indicators for identifying individuals at risk of decline; however, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm their predictive value and causal relationships.