Molecular contributions to the thermal neutron cross sections of O2, N2, and air

M Margherita Simoni (Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata 1 , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma,) F Felix Fernandez-Alonso (Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU 2 , Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 5, Donostia 20018, Gipuzkoa,) T Tommaso Giovannini (Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata and INFN 6 , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome,) M Matthew Krzystyniak J Jose Ignacio Marquez Damian (European Spallation Source, ESS ERIC 6 , Partikelgatan 2, 224 84 Lund,) A Anna Marsicano (ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory 5 , Chilton OX11 0QX,) M Marco Martellucci (Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata 1 , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma,) T Triestino Minniti (Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata 1 , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma,) R Roberto Senesi (Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata 1 , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma,) M Matteo Sorbara (Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata 1 , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma,) G Giovanni Romanelli (Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata 1 , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma,)

Abstract

We provide an updated scattering library for the simulation of thermal neutron transport in air, including the effects of rotational and vibrational modes in N2 and O2 and neutron magnetic scattering in O2, showing their significance compared to smaller effects related to water humidity. The modeling is based on the Young–Koppel treatment of thermal neutron scattering from diatomic molecules, as well as ab initio simulations of the electronic density of O2. The theoretical predictions are benchmarked against experimental measurements of the total scattering cross section of air under monitored thermophysical conditions, in the neutron energy range between 0.6 meV and 10 keV. The updated scattering library is used to calculate excess neutron scattering in air, compared to traditional approaches, where only nuclear scattering from gases of free nuclei is implemented in Monte Carlo transport codes.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 164, Issue 13
Published April 07, 2026
ISSN 0021-9606
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

The Journal of Chemical Physics

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0021-9606 Physical Sciences

Authors (11)

M

Margherita Simoni

Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata 1 , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma,

F

Felix Fernandez-Alonso

Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU 2 , Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 5, Donostia 20018, Gipuzkoa,

T

Tommaso Giovannini

Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata and INFN 6 , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome,

M

Matthew Krzystyniak

J

Jose Ignacio Marquez Damian

European Spallation Source, ESS ERIC 6 , Partikelgatan 2, 224 84 Lund,

A

Anna Marsicano

ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory 5 , Chilton OX11 0QX,

M

Marco Martellucci

Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata 1 , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma,

T

Triestino Minniti

Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata 1 , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma,

R

Roberto Senesi

Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata 1 , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma,

M

Matteo Sorbara

Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata 1 , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma,

G

Giovanni Romanelli

Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata 1 , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma,