Modulation of the PGRMC1/NLRP7/HLA-C axis by autophagy is linked to both spontaneous preterm birth and gestational choriocarcinoma

Q Qin Li H Huaxiao Yu (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University) D Dongyi Ling (State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center) J Jie Zhou S Shanshan Zhen (State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center) Y Yangyang Li (Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Materials Science) L Lijuan Wang Z Zetong Zheng (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University) W Wenjian Cen (State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center) H Hongyi Gao (Department of Pathology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital) H Hui Chen J Jack L. Strominger (Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University) Z Ziming Du (State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center)

Abstract

Spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) and gestational choriocarcinoma are both associated with complex physiological processes that significantly impact maternal health. While the molecular mechanisms underlying SPTB and gestational choriocarcinoma remain poorly understood, emerging evidence suggests that immune regulation plays a crucial role in both conditions. In this study, we revealed that progesterone regulates autophagy via the noncanonical progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), which then modulates NLRP7 levels, thereby impacting HLA-C expression in the JEG3 cell line, an extravillous trophoblast (EVT) model. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between NLRP7 and HLA-C expression was observed in EVTs from placental tissues and choriocarcinoma samples. In cases of SPTB, we found both reduced expression of NLRP7 and HLA-C in EVTs. Similarly, in gestational choriocarcinoma samples, we observed significantly lower expression levels of NLRP7 and HLA-C, further suggesting a shared immune evasion mechanism. These findings not only provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying both SPTB and choriocarcinoma but also identify the progesterone-driven NLRP7/HLA-C axis as a promising target for therapeutic intervention, offering strategies for improving outcomes in both conditions.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 48
Published December 02, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (13)

Q

Qin Li

H

Huaxiao Yu

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University

D

Dongyi Ling

State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center

J

Jie Zhou

S

Shanshan Zhen

State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center

Y

Yangyang Li

Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Materials Science

L

Lijuan Wang

Z

Zetong Zheng

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University

W

Wenjian Cen

State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center

H

Hongyi Gao

Department of Pathology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital

H

Hui Chen

J

Jack L. Strominger

Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University

Z

Ziming Du

State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center