Minute‐Scale Repeated Metabolic Probing of Living Cells Enabled by Rapid Parahydrogen‐Based Hyperpolarization

P Philipp R. Groß (Division of Medical Physics Department of Radiology Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg Germany) S Stefan Petersen (Division of Medical Physics Department of Radiology Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg Germany) Z Zirun Wang (Division of Medical Physics Department of Radiology Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg Germany) B Behnam Shamshiri (Division of Medical Physics Department of Radiology Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg Germany) H Henri de Maissin (Division of Medical Physics Department of Radiology Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg Germany) S Sebastian Lucas (NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH Ulm Germany) O Oliver Gorka (Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg) L Lisa Heß (Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany) I Irene Marco‐Rius (Institute For Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain) L Lluís Mangas‐Florencio (Institute For Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain) A André F. Martins (Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy Werner Siemens Imaging Center Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Tübingen Germany) P Philipp Boehm‐Sturm (Charité 3R – Replace, Reduce, Refine Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany) M Maxim Zaitsev (Division of Medical Physics Department of Radiology Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg Germany) R Robert Zeiser J Jan‐Bernd Hövener (Sektion Biomedizinsche Bildgebung Molecular Imaging North Competence Center MOINCC Klinik Für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie University Hospital Schleswig‐Holstein Kiel University Kiel Germany) T Thomas Reinheckel (German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg a Partnership Between DKFZ and University Medical Center Freiburg Heidelberg Germany) O Olaf Gross (Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg) A Andreas B. Schmidt (Division of Medical Physics Department of Radiology Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg Germany)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy enables real‐time observation of metabolic fluxes but is typically limited to single‐shot measurements due to complex preparation procedures and low experimental throughput. Here, we established a rapid and experimentally accessible workflow for temporally controlled HP measurements in living cells. Using SABRE‐SHEATH at 0.4 µT, we achieved 7.7% ± 0.2% 13 C polarization of 50 mM [1‐ 13 C]pyruvate within 60 s. Simple 1:50 dilution with phosphate‐buffered D 2 O yielded cell‐compatible solutions that retained 5.3% ± 0.4% polarization of 1.3 mM pyruvate without multi‐step purification. Combined with a simplified agarose bead immobilization approach, this enabled four injections of HP pyruvate into the same HeLa cell population within 7 min. Under rapid (≈2 min) reinjection intervals, the pyruvate‐to‐lactate conversion progressively declined, whereas stable metabolic conversion was maintained at 20 min intervals with intermittent cell medium perfusion. These findings demonstrate that rapid repeated substrate delivery can transiently exhaust cellular metabolic conversion capacity. This experimentally accessible operating mode enables the study of short‐term metabolic dynamics that remain obscured in conventional single‐shot HP‐NMR or long timescale thermally polarized NMR measurements.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 1, Issue 1
Published July 10, 2026
ISSN 1433-7851
Publisher Wiley

Journal Info

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Wiley

ISSN: 1433-7851 Physical Sciences

Authors (18)

P

Philipp R. Groß

Division of Medical Physics Department of Radiology Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg Germany

S

Stefan Petersen

Division of Medical Physics Department of Radiology Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg Germany

Z

Zirun Wang

Division of Medical Physics Department of Radiology Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg Germany

B

Behnam Shamshiri

Division of Medical Physics Department of Radiology Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg Germany

H

Henri de Maissin

Division of Medical Physics Department of Radiology Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg Germany

S

Sebastian Lucas

NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH Ulm Germany

O

Oliver Gorka

Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg

L

Lisa Heß

Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany

I

Irene Marco‐Rius

Institute For Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain

L

Lluís Mangas‐Florencio

Institute For Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain

A

André F. Martins

Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy Werner Siemens Imaging Center Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Tübingen Germany

P

Philipp Boehm‐Sturm

Charité 3R – Replace, Reduce, Refine Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany

M

Maxim Zaitsev

Division of Medical Physics Department of Radiology Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg Germany

R

Robert Zeiser

J

Jan‐Bernd Hövener

Sektion Biomedizinsche Bildgebung Molecular Imaging North Competence Center MOINCC Klinik Für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie University Hospital Schleswig‐Holstein Kiel University Kiel Germany

T

Thomas Reinheckel

German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg a Partnership Between DKFZ and University Medical Center Freiburg Heidelberg Germany

O

Olaf Gross

Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg

A

Andreas B. Schmidt

Division of Medical Physics Department of Radiology Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg Germany