Mineral dissolution by dimeric complexes

X Xiaoxu Li Q Qing Guo (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology) Y Yatong Zhao (Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) C Chang Qian (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign) M Maxime Pouvreau (Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) T Trent R. Graham P Ping Chen L LiLi Liu (Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering) C Chang Liu B Benjamin A. Legg (Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) Q Qian Chen A Aijun Miao (State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University) Z Zheming Wang (Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) J James J. De Yoreo (Department of Materials Science and Engineering) C Carolyn I. Pearce (Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) A Aurora E. Clark (Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) K Kevin M. Rosso (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.) X Xin Zhang

Abstract

Mineral dissolution is typically thought to occur by the detachment of monomeric building blocks of the crystal structure, although direct evidence is rare. Using in situ high-speed atomic force microscopy to examine step-edge retreat dynamics at high resolution, we report that the dissolution of gibbsite in alkaline solutions occurs mainly by the release of aluminate dimers, which subsequently dissociate into the monomeric species that dominate the solution. The observed dissolution anisotropy is readily explained by this mechanism, which was further supported by density functional tight-binding simulations of detachment activation energies. Recognition that such polynuclear dissolution mechanisms exist may enable an improved understanding of processes regulating mineral dissolution rates in nature and industry.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 41
Published October 14, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (18)

X

Xiaoxu Li

Q

Qing Guo

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology

Y

Yatong Zhao

Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

C

Chang Qian

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign

M

Maxime Pouvreau

Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

T

Trent R. Graham

P

Ping Chen

L

LiLi Liu

Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering

C

Chang Liu

B

Benjamin A. Legg

Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Q

Qian Chen

A

Aijun Miao

State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University

Z

Zheming Wang

Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

J

James J. De Yoreo

Department of Materials Science and Engineering

C

Carolyn I. Pearce

Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

A

Aurora E. Clark

Physical & Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

K

Kevin M. Rosso

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.

X

Xin Zhang