METTL3-dependent m6A RNA methylation suppresses aberrant mammary epithelial differentiation and neoplastic transformation

Y Yihao Li (Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) X Xintao Qiu (Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) Z Zachary Sandusky (Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) K Kaitlin Tagliaferri (Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School) R Rong Li X Xin Yang T Tao Zhang S Shimeng Liu (Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) P Pengze Yan (Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) F Feng Lu (Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) M Marcus Jones T Tengfei Xiao (Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) W Wei Li S Seth Goldman (Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School) J Jie Cui (Shanghai Sci-Tech Inno Center for Infection and Immunity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Infection and Health, Fudan University) K Kornelia Polyak (Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) X X. Shirley Liu (Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) H Henry W. Long (Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) R Richard I. Gregory (Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School) K Karen Adelman (Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School) J Jennifer M. Rosenbluth (Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute) M Myles Brown (Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute)

Abstract

The mechanisms underlying sustained proliferation and aberrant cellular plasticity that drive early breast tumorigenesis remain unclear. Using CRISPR knockout (KO) screens, we systematically characterized the regulators of cellular fitness in the normal mammary epithelium. We found that loss of METTL3 stimulates mammary epithelial proliferation and reprograms gene expression in an m6A methyltransferase-dependent manner. Single-cell analysis in normal breast organoids revealed that METTL3 ablation causes disruption of the mammary cellular hierarchy through increased aberrant luminal differentiation. Mechanistically, METTL3 loss reduces RNA m6A modification of transcribed transposable elements leading to their increased expression and upregulation of interferon-STAT signaling. This inflammatory response leads to cross talk between STAT and GATA3 transcription factors, resulting in transcriptional activation of luminal genes in the mammary epithelium. These findings identify a cell-intrinsic epigenetic loop contributing to mammary epithelial differentiation and highlight a potential role of loss of METTL3-dependent m6A modification during neoplastic transformation.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 46
Published November 18, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (22)

Y

Yihao Li

Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

X

Xintao Qiu

Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

Z

Zachary Sandusky

Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

K

Kaitlin Tagliaferri

Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School

R

Rong Li

X

Xin Yang

T

Tao Zhang

S

Shimeng Liu

Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

P

Pengze Yan

Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

F

Feng Lu

Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

M

Marcus Jones

T

Tengfei Xiao

Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

W

Wei Li

S

Seth Goldman

Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School

J

Jie Cui

Shanghai Sci-Tech Inno Center for Infection and Immunity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Infection and Health, Fudan University

K

Kornelia Polyak

Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

X

X. Shirley Liu

Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

H

Henry W. Long

Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

R

Richard I. Gregory

Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School

K

Karen Adelman

Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School

J

Jennifer M. Rosenbluth

Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

M

Myles Brown

Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute