Melt Densification Enables Fracture‐Resistant Blend Hydrogels

X Xunan Hou (Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore) Z Zichun Zhu (Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore) Y Yuting Wen (Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Design and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore) Y Yixin Zhang C Chitinart Thedrattanawong (Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore) D Daria V. Andreeva (Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore) J Jun Li C Chaobin He (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Hydrogels and elastomers are integral components in biomedical and electronics devices, but their toughness and crack resistance are often unsatisfactory for load‐bearing applications. Synthetic polymer networks predominantly rely on solution fabrication, which compromises the ultimate mechanical properties. This work presents a universal melt crosslinking strategy, which densifies entanglements well beyond solvated conditions. When deformed, mutually entangled dissimilar chains stiffen the gels, while sparse crosslinks amplify fracture resistance. At water contents up to 83%, the resultant hydrogels demonstrate over 2 orders increase in mechanical properties, including moduli (1.3–35 MPa), toughness (0.7–24.5 kJ/m 2 ), and fatigue thresholds (1.2–3.3 kJ/m 2 ), tunable in a wide range beyond existing hydrogels. Furthermore, the hydrogels show high optical clarity (>96%), oxygen permeability (Dk/t > 40), and anti‐fouling properties (<0.6 µg cm −2 ). This generalizable strategy could guide the design of tough functional soft materials in fields such as healthcare and smart electronics.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 38, Issue 7
Published February 01, 2026
ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher Unknown Publisher

Journal Info

Advanced Materials

Unknown Publisher

ISSN: 0935-9648 Physical Sciences

Authors (8)

X

Xunan Hou

Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore

Z

Zichun Zhu

Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore

Y

Yuting Wen

Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Design and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore

Y

Yixin Zhang

C

Chitinart Thedrattanawong

Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore

D

Daria V. Andreeva

Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore

J

Jun Li

C

Chaobin He

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore