Meiotic prophase I disruption as a strategy for nonhormonal male contraception using small-molecule inhibitor JQ1

S Stephanie Tanis (Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University) L Leah E. Simon (Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University) A Adriana K. Alexander (Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University) T Tegan S. Horan (Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University) M Maria de las Mercedes Carro (Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University) S Samantha Jane Bonnett (Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University) A Audrey Xie (Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University) R Roni Ben-Shlomo (Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University) C Connor E. Owens (Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University) C Charles G. Danko (Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University) J Jelena Lujic (Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University) P Paula E. Cohen (Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University)

Abstract

Developing safe, reversible, and nonhormonal male contraceptives has been hindered by the lack of defined biological windows that can be transiently interrupted without compromising long-term fertility. Here, we tested whether meiotic prophase I can serve as such a window by pharmacologically inhibiting the testis-specific chromatin reader BRDT using the small-molecule bromodomain inhibitor (+)-JQ1 as proof-of-principle. Short-term JQ1 administration (3 wk) selectively disrupted the pachytene transcriptional program, depleted postmeiotic germ cells, and induced a reversible arrest in spermatogenesis. Upon drug withdrawal, prophase I cytological markers normalized within 6 wk, accompanied by restoration of testis architecture and germ-cell composition. Crossover metrics and transcriptional programs recovered more gradually, reaching full normalization by 30 wk alongside complete restoration of fertility and fecundity. These results demonstrate that meiotic prophase I can be transiently inhibited to suppress spermatogenesis reversibly without inducing lasting genomic or reproductive defects, defining a stage-specific framework for the rational design of nonhormonal male contraceptives.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 123, Issue 15
Published April 14, 2026
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (12)

S

Stephanie Tanis

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University

L

Leah E. Simon

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University

A

Adriana K. Alexander

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University

T

Tegan S. Horan

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University

M

Maria de las Mercedes Carro

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University

S

Samantha Jane Bonnett

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University

A

Audrey Xie

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University

R

Roni Ben-Shlomo

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University

C

Connor E. Owens

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University

C

Charles G. Danko

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University

J

Jelena Lujic

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University

P

Paula E. Cohen

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cornell Reproductive Sciences Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University