Mathematical misdefinition of adjusted cloud-fraction change limits isolation of aerosol effects

Z Zhe Song (State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry) Z Zhengnan Cen (Laboratory for Statistical Monitoring and Intelligent Governance of Common Prosperity, Collaborative Innovation Center of Statistical Data Engineering Technology & Application, School of Statistics and Data Science, Zhejiang Gongshang University) L Lang Chen (Collaborative Innovation Center for Statistical Data Engineering, Technology and Application School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhejiang Gongshang University) J Jie Zhang H Huan Xi (Collaborative Innovation Center for Statistical Data Engineering, Technology and Application School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhejiang Gongshang University) N Ningning Yao (Collaborative Innovation Center for Statistical Data Engineering, Technology and Application School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhejiang Gongshang University) X Xiang Li S Shaocai Yu (Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University)

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 123, Issue 28
Published July 14, 2026
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (8)

Z

Zhe Song

State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry

Z

Zhengnan Cen

Laboratory for Statistical Monitoring and Intelligent Governance of Common Prosperity, Collaborative Innovation Center of Statistical Data Engineering Technology & Application, School of Statistics and Data Science, Zhejiang Gongshang University

L

Lang Chen

Collaborative Innovation Center for Statistical Data Engineering, Technology and Application School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhejiang Gongshang University

J

Jie Zhang

H

Huan Xi

Collaborative Innovation Center for Statistical Data Engineering, Technology and Application School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhejiang Gongshang University

N

Ningning Yao

Collaborative Innovation Center for Statistical Data Engineering, Technology and Application School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhejiang Gongshang University

X

Xiang Li

S

Shaocai Yu

Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University