Lysosomal TMEM165 remodels calcium signaling to drive hypoxia adaptation and tumor progression

Y Yu Zeng M Meiting Chen (State Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China) Y Yu Cao (Stanford University , , , ,) Y Yan Huang X Xingguo Yang (State Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China) Q Qian Jiang (State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences) J Jiamin Huang (The Center for Photochemical Sciences) Y Yu Chen X Xin Du (State Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China) W Wenping Zeng (State Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China) Q Qiankun Mao (State Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China) H Huafeng Zhang (State Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China) L Li Wang (The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital Zhengzhou China) X Xiaomei Li C Canjun Li (State Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China) L Lili Qu (State Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China) C Chunlei Cang (State Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China)

Abstract

Hypoxia is a common stress encountered by animal tissues during development, physiology, and disease. To cope with hypoxic stress, cells remodel metabolic and signaling networks to preserve viability and function. Lysosomes serve as central hubs for metabolic control and intracellular signaling, yet their role in hypoxic adaptation remains unclear. Here, we identify the lysosomal calcium transporter TMEM165 as a hypoxia-responsive regulator of cellular homeostasis. Under hypoxic conditions, TMEM165 expression increases, promoting calcium redistribution from the endoplasmic reticulum to lysosomes and expanding lysosomal calcium storage capacity. TMEM165 activation regulates autophagy and senescence through the AMPK-mTOR and ERK/p21 signaling pathways, respectively. In glioma, high TMEM165 expression correlates with poor prognosis, whereas its depletion suppresses glycolysis, proliferation, and tumor progression. These findings establish TMEM165 as a lysosomal hypoxia-responsive protein that integrates calcium signaling with metabolic and stress-response pathways, revealing a mechanistic link between oxygen availability, lysosomal function, and tumor adaptation.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 123, Issue 25
Published June 23, 2026
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (17)

Y

Yu Zeng

M

Meiting Chen

State Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China

Y

Yu Cao

Stanford University , , , ,

Y

Yan Huang

X

Xingguo Yang

State Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China

Q

Qian Jiang

State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences

J

Jiamin Huang

The Center for Photochemical Sciences

Y

Yu Chen

X

Xin Du

State Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China

W

Wenping Zeng

State Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China

Q

Qiankun Mao

State Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China

H

Huafeng Zhang

State Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China

L

Li Wang

The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital Zhengzhou China

X

Xiaomei Li

C

Canjun Li

State Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China

L

Lili Qu

State Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China

C

Chunlei Cang

State Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China