Longitudinal analysis of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-1 and different SARS-CoV-2 strains in breakthrough and unvaccinated COVID-19 patients in Thailand (2021-2022)
Abstract
Abstract The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that evade immune responses poses challenges to effective prevention. We prospectively enrolled 111 COVID-19 patients in Thailand (2021-2022), who received homologous or heterologous vaccines or were unvaccinated. Plasma neutralizing antibody (nAb) levels against SARS-CoV-1 and 13 SARS-CoV-2 strains were measured using a multiplex surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) assay within a year. nAb levels increased in two weeks, showing strong inhibition against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and non-omicron variants, but not against SAR-CoV-1 and lower responses to omicron variants. nAb levels declined by the day 60. Breakthrough patients with heterologous vaccines had higher nAb levels compared to other groups. nAb levels were lower in breakthrough patients with pneumonia than those with other conditions. Notably, breakthrough patients aged ≥60 showed rapid declines in antibody levels. Our findings highlight diverse immune responses influenced by immunization, age, and clinical conditions, underscoring the need for tailored vaccination strategies against evolving variants.
Article Details
Authors (73)
Prapassorn Poolchanuan
Vichapon Tiacharoen
Adul Dulsuk
Rungnapa Phunpang
Chakkaphan Runcharoen
Thitiya Boonprakob
Onura Hemtong
Suchada Chowplijit
Vachara Chuapaknam
Tanaya Siripoon
Watcharapong Piyaphanee
Le Van Tan
Susanna Dunachie
Chee Wah Tan
Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–National University of Singapore Medical School
Lin-Fa Wang
Wasun Chantratita
Viravarn Luvira
Narisara Chantratita
Nguyen Thi Thu Hong
Truong Hoang Chau Truc
Nguyen Thi Han Ny
Do Duong Kim Han
Le Kim Thanh
Lam Anh Nguyet
Cao Thu Thuy
Le Nguyen Truc Nhu
Tran Tan Thanh
Nguyen To Anh
Lam Minh Yen
Vu Thi Ty Hang
Pham Tieu Kieu
Vo Tan Hoang
Nguyen Thi Thao
Mary Chambers
Vu Duy Thanh
Tran Chieu Hoang
CLouise Thwaites
Guy Thwaites
H.Rogier van Doorn
Trinh Son Tung
Raph L Hamers
Anuraj Shankar
Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
Gavin Screaton
Aiete Dijokaite-Guraliuc
Raksha Das
Chang Liu
Piyada Supasa
Muneeswaran Selvaraj
Paul Klenerman
Translational Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
EYvonne Jones
David I Stuart
Barbara Kronsteiner-Dobramysl
Martha Zewdie
Priyanka Abraham
Jennifer Hill
Wee Chee Yap
Beng Lee Lim
Suwarti Suwarti
Yanie Tayipto
Eva Simarmata
Ragil Dien
Wanwisa Dejnirattisai
Warangkana Chantima
Apirak Junpirom
Sopon Iamsirithaworn
Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health
Nicholas P.J. Day
Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
Phaik Yeong Cheah
Tassawan Poomchaichote
Kanpong Boonthaworn
Nghiem My Ngoc
Alba Grifoni
Alessandro Sette