Long-chain unsaturated free fatty acids control gut motility via nitrergic ganglia of the enteric nervous system

J Jun-Hao Zhang (State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University) Z Zhi-Hui Jiang (State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University) J Ji Xuan (Research Institute of General Surgery and Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University) Y Yang Liao (Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability, School of Environment) P Peng-Peng Li (State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University) Y Ye Wang H Han Wang T Tian-Tian Qiu (State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University) Z Ze-Xu Chen (State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University) K Ke-Hui Qiu (State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University) Y Yu-Wei Zhou (State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University) J Jing-Xin Ye (State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University) J Jian-Feng Gong (Research Institute of General Surgery and Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University) J Jun Jiang (State Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science) L Ling Ni (Research Institute of General Surgery and Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University) H Hong-Feng Ma (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huzhou Rehabilitation Hospital) X Xue-Na Zhang (State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University) H Hua-Qun Chen (Life Science School of Nanjing Normal University) M Min-Sheng Zhu (State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University) X Xin Chen

Abstract

Although mechanical tension from luminal distension is a primary regulator of gut motility, we reveal a parallel chemosensory pathway wherein long-chain unsaturated free fatty acids (LUFFAs) from dietary or enterobacterial sources directly modulate gastrointestinal motor function. Using ex vivo and in vivo contractility assays in human and murine intestinal tissues, we found that LUFFAs, particularly Omega-3 fatty acids, suppressed spontaneous contractions and delayed intestinal transit in a double bond-dependent manner. Mechanistically, selective activation of free fatty acid receptor 1/4 (FFAR1/4) on nitrergic myenteric ganglia triggered a rise in intracellular calcium and nitric oxide release, inducing smooth muscle relaxation independent of epithelial signaling. Genetic ablation of Ffar4 in enteric neurons or defect in enteric nitrergic ganglia abolished LUFFAs-mediated motility suppression and ameliorated colonic dysmotility induced by pathologically elevated LUFFAs levels. Our findings establish nitrergic ganglia as critical chemosensors translating dietary or enterobacterial lipid signals into gut motor responses.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 45
Published November 11, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (20)

J

Jun-Hao Zhang

State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University

Z

Zhi-Hui Jiang

State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University

J

Ji Xuan

Research Institute of General Surgery and Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University

Y

Yang Liao

Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability, School of Environment

P

Peng-Peng Li

State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University

Y

Ye Wang

H

Han Wang

T

Tian-Tian Qiu

State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University

Z

Ze-Xu Chen

State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University

K

Ke-Hui Qiu

State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University

Y

Yu-Wei Zhou

State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University

J

Jing-Xin Ye

State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University

J

Jian-Feng Gong

Research Institute of General Surgery and Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University

J

Jun Jiang

State Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science

L

Ling Ni

Research Institute of General Surgery and Department of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University

H

Hong-Feng Ma

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huzhou Rehabilitation Hospital

X

Xue-Na Zhang

State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University

H

Hua-Qun Chen

Life Science School of Nanjing Normal University

M

Min-Sheng Zhu

State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University

X

Xin Chen