Light at night negatively affects mood in diurnal primate-like tree shrews via a visual pathway related to the perihabenular nucleus

Y Ying Miao (Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China) H Huan Zhao Y Yu-Fei Li (Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China) Y Yan-Ping Sun (Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China) R Rui Bi (Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, and Kunming Institute of Zoology and Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) H Hongli Li (Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, and Kunming Institute of Zoology and Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) X Xin Fang Z Zi-Shuo Li (Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China) Y Yu-Hua Ma (National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) L Long-Bao Lv (Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, and Kunming Institute of Zoology and Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) K Kai An (Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) J Jian-Jun Meng (Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China) Y Yong-Gang Yao (Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, and Kunming Institute of Zoology and Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) T Tian Xue (Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China)

Abstract

To better understand the potential health threats and underlying visual pathways of long-term light at night (LAN) exposure, we adopted a widely accepted diurnal animal model tree shrew ( Tupaia belangeri chinensis ), which is a close relative to primates, and evaluated the deleterious effects of long-term LAN exposure. We used an early-night LAN paradigm that was established in mice to examine behavioral and physiological consequences in adult male tree shrews. We found that 3-wk LAN exposure significantly impaired the mood and long-term memory of tree shrews without affecting the general activity pattern. We identified retinal projections to the perihabenular nucleus (pHb), a crucial area in LAN-induced negative mood, and demonstrated that the pHb continues to innervate the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in tree shrews. Moreover, the pHb was required for the LAN effect on mood but not long-term memory. Transcriptomic profiling of brain tissues containing the NAc area revealed drastic changes of several depression-related genes in NAc neurons post-LAN treatment, suggesting that long-term exposure to nighttime light could result in lasting changes in tree shrews. Collectively, we present behavioral and neural structural evidence that LAN exerts depression-inducing effects in diurnal animals via a pHb-related visual pathway, which may facilitate the translation from laboratory findings of excessive LAN exposure to clinical applications in humans.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 23
Published June 10, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (14)

Y

Ying Miao

Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China

H

Huan Zhao

Y

Yu-Fei Li

Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China

Y

Yan-Ping Sun

Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China

R

Rui Bi

Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, and Kunming Institute of Zoology and Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

H

Hongli Li

Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, and Kunming Institute of Zoology and Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

X

Xin Fang

Z

Zi-Shuo Li

Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China

Y

Yu-Hua Ma

National Research Facility for Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

L

Long-Bao Lv

Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, and Kunming Institute of Zoology and Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

K

Kai An

Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

J

Jian-Jun Meng

Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China

Y

Yong-Gang Yao

Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, and Kunming Institute of Zoology and Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

T

Tian Xue

Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China