Label-free high-throughput live-cell sorting of genome-wide random mutagenesis libraries for metabolic traits by Raman flow cytometry

X Xixian Wang (State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) S Sen Wang (State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion) Z Zhidian Diao (State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) X Xibao Hou (Qingdao Single-Cell Biotechnology Co., Ltd) Y Yanhai Gong (State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) Q Qing Sun J Jiaping Zhang (State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) L Lihui Ren (State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) Y Yuandong Li (State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) Y Yuetong Ji (Qingdao Single-Cell Biotechnology Co., Ltd) W Wei Shen Y Yifeng Yin (eCyte, Inc) S Shi Huang (Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong) X Xiaojin Song (State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) Q Qiu Cui (State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) Y Yingang Feng (State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) J Jian Xu B Bo Ma

Abstract

A full spontaneous single-cell Raman spectrum captures the metabolic phenome in a label-free and noninvasive manner. However, Raman-activated cell sorting (RACS) of rare target cells from highly heterogeneous systems has remained largely conceptual. Here, we present a positive dielectrophoresis-induced deterministic lateral displacement (pDEP-DLD)-based RACS (pDEP-DLD-RACS), in which a modulated pDEP-DLD force is applied to focus, trap, and functionally sort fast-moving single cells in a wide channel. For pigment- and oil-producing yeasts, pDEP-DLD-RACS shows high sorting accuracy (>90%), high throughput (~600 events min −1 ), high yield (>85%), and long stable running time (~10 h), and can sort rare cells while preserving full cellular vitality. Moreover, label-free sorting directly from a genome-wide random mutagenesis library with >10 5 Aurantiochytrium sp. Mutants, based on intracellular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content, produces mutant cells with 58% higher DHA productivity in just two RACS runs over two days, representing two-orders-of-magnitude higher time- and cost-efficiency than conventional approaches. This superior trait arises from global remolding of transcriptomes, including enhanced carbon metabolism, reduced intracellular NADPH synthesis rates, and increased triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis. By enabling direct screening of metabolic traits from genome-wide mutagenesis libraries, pDEP-DLD-RACS is a powerful platform for synthetic biology.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 22
Published June 03, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (18)

X

Xixian Wang

State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

S

Sen Wang

State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion

Z

Zhidian Diao

State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

X

Xibao Hou

Qingdao Single-Cell Biotechnology Co., Ltd

Y

Yanhai Gong

State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Q

Qing Sun

J

Jiaping Zhang

State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

L

Lihui Ren

State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Y

Yuandong Li

State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Y

Yuetong Ji

Qingdao Single-Cell Biotechnology Co., Ltd

W

Wei Shen

Y

Yifeng Yin

eCyte, Inc

S

Shi Huang

Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong

X

Xiaojin Song

State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Q

Qiu Cui

State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Y

Yingang Feng

State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Key Laboratory of Shandong Energy Biological Genetic Resources, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

J

Jian Xu

B

Bo Ma