Ketamine or Etomidate for Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults

J Jonathan D. Casey (Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville) K Kevin P. Seitz (Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville) B Brian E. Driver (Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis) K Kevin W. Gibbs (Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Disease, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC) A Adit A. Ginde S Stacy A. Trent (Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora) D Derek W. Russell (Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham) A Amelia L. Muhs (Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville) M Matthew E. Prekker (Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis) J John P. Gaillard (Department of Anesthesiology–Critical Care, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC) D Daniel Resnick-Ault (Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora) L L. Jane Stewart (Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora) M Micah R. Whitson (Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham) S Stephanie C. DeMasi (Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville) A Aaron E. Robinson (Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis) J Jessica A. Palakshappa (Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Disease, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC) N Neil R. Aggarwal (Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora) J Jason C. Brainard (Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora) D David J. Douin (Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora) T Tanya K. Marvi (Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora) B Benjamin K. Scott (Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora) S Sarah M. Alber (Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora) C Carolynn Lyle (Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver) S Sheetal Gandotra (Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham) G Graham W. Van Schaik (Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville) A Aaron J. Lacy (Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville) K Kristen C. Sherlin (Department of Pharmacy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville) H Heidi L. Erickson (Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis) J J. Maycee Cain (Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Disease, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC) B Brianne Redman (Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC) L Logan L. Beach (Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham) B Barbara Gould (Denver, CO) J Jasmine McIntosh (Birmingham, AL) A Ariel A. Lewis (Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville) B Bradley D. Lloyd (Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville) T Tiffany L. Israel (Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville) B Brant Imhoff (Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville) L Li Wang (The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital Zhengzhou China) A Alexandra B. Spicer (Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison) M Matthew M. Churpek (Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison) T Todd W. Rice (Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville) W Wesley H. Self (Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville) J Jin H. Han (Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville) M Matthew W. Semler (Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville)

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 394, Issue 16
Published April 23, 2026
Pages 1608-1620
ISSN 0028-4793
Publisher Massachusetts Medical Society

Journal Info

New England Journal of Medicine

Massachusetts Medical Society

ISSN: 0028-4793 Social Sciences

Authors (44)

J

Jonathan D. Casey

Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville

K

Kevin P. Seitz

Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville

B

Brian E. Driver

Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis

K

Kevin W. Gibbs

Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Disease, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC

A

Adit A. Ginde

S

Stacy A. Trent

Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora

D

Derek W. Russell

Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham

A

Amelia L. Muhs

Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville

M

Matthew E. Prekker

Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis

J

John P. Gaillard

Department of Anesthesiology–Critical Care, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC

D

Daniel Resnick-Ault

Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora

L

L. Jane Stewart

Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora

M

Micah R. Whitson

Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham

S

Stephanie C. DeMasi

Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville

A

Aaron E. Robinson

Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis

J

Jessica A. Palakshappa

Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Disease, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC

N

Neil R. Aggarwal

Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora

J

Jason C. Brainard

Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora

D

David J. Douin

Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora

T

Tanya K. Marvi

Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora

B

Benjamin K. Scott

Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora

S

Sarah M. Alber

Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora

C

Carolynn Lyle

Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver

S

Sheetal Gandotra

Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham

G

Graham W. Van Schaik

Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville

A

Aaron J. Lacy

Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville

K

Kristen C. Sherlin

Department of Pharmacy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville

H

Heidi L. Erickson

Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis

J

J. Maycee Cain

Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Disease, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC

B

Brianne Redman

Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC

L

Logan L. Beach

Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham

B

Barbara Gould

Denver, CO

J

Jasmine McIntosh

Birmingham, AL

A

Ariel A. Lewis

Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville

B

Bradley D. Lloyd

Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville

T

Tiffany L. Israel

Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville

B

Brant Imhoff

Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville

L

Li Wang

The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital Zhengzhou China

A

Alexandra B. Spicer

Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison

M

Matthew M. Churpek

Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison

T

Todd W. Rice

Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville

W

Wesley H. Self

Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville

J

Jin H. Han

Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville

M

Matthew W. Semler

Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville