IoT Based Smart Helmet for Mine Workers

Abstract

Mining environments expose workers to serious safety risks due to hazardous gases, elevated temperatures, underground fires, and limited visibility. Continuous monitoring of such conditions is essential to reduce accidents and ensure timely assistance. This paper presents an IoT-based Smart Helmet designed to enhance miner safety through real-time environmental sensing and location tracking. The proposed system employs an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with multiple sensors, including a gas sensor for detecting harmful gases, a temperature sensor to monitor heat levels, and a flame sensor for early fire detection. A GPS module is incorporated to provide real-time location information, enabling faster emergency response and rescue operations. Sensor readings are displayed locally using a 16×2 I2C LCD, while a buzzer provides immediate alerts during unsafe conditions. Additionally, the collected data is transmitted via Wi-Fi to the Blynk IoT platform and a web-based dashboard for remote monitoring by supervisors. The system automatically triggers alerts when predefined safety thresholds are exceeded. Overall, the proposed smart helmet offers a cost-effective, portable, and scalable solution that improves worker safety, reduces dependency on manual supervision, and enables quicker response during emergencies.