Interpretable multi-model deep learning framework for automated four-class diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis using fundus imaging

Laraib Umer; Javaid Iqbal; Yasar Ayaz; Adil Ahmad; Hassan Imam; Umer Asgher; Shahbaz Khan; Muhammad Usama

doi:10.1038/s41598-025-29768-8

Interpretable multi-model deep learning framework for automated four-class diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis using fundus imaging

L Laraib Umer J Javaid Iqbal (Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom) Y Yasar Ayaz A Adil Ahmad H Hassan Imam U Umer Asgher S Shahbaz Khan M Muhammad Usama

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Article Details

Journal Scientific Reports

Volume / Issue Vol. 15, Issue 1

Published December 11, 2025

DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-29768-8

ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher Nature Portfolio

Journal Info

Scientific Reports

Nature Portfolio

ISSN: 2045-2322 Open Access Life Sciences

Authors (8)

L

Laraib Umer

J

Javaid Iqbal

Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Y

Yasar Ayaz

A

Adil Ahmad

H

Hassan Imam

U

Umer Asgher

S

Shahbaz Khan

M

Muhammad Usama

Interpretable multi-model deep learning framework for automated four-class diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis using fundus imaging

Article Details

Journal Info

Authors (8)

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