Insights into the Dynamical Sodium Occupancy Evolution and Rate-Limiting Steps in Hard Carbon

Y Ying Ge Y Yanling Qiu (Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China) J Jianxin Han (Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China) S Shahid Mirza (Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China) H Hao Liu G Guiming Zhong (Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) Q Qiong Zheng (Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China) Z Zhangquan Peng (State Key Laboratory of Catalysis) X Xianfeng Li (Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China)

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 147, Issue 43
Published October 29, 2025
Pages 39537-39546
ISSN 0002-7863
Publisher American Chemical Society

Journal Info

Journal of the American Chemical Society

American Chemical Society

ISSN: 0002-7863 Physical Sciences

Authors (9)

Y

Ying Ge

Y

Yanling Qiu

Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China

J

Jianxin Han

Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China

S

Shahid Mirza

Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China

H

Hao Liu

G

Guiming Zhong

Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Q

Qiong Zheng

Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China

Z

Zhangquan Peng

State Key Laboratory of Catalysis

X

Xianfeng Li

Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China