Influence of strain rate and phase history on the spall failure of single and polycrystal tin

J Jasper G. Threadingham (Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford 1 , Oxford OX1 3PJ,) X Xuefei Liang (Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford 1 , Oxford OX1 3PJ,) E Edward Leggett (Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford 1 , Oxford OX1 3PJ,) L Liam C. Smith (Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford 1 , Oxford OX1 3PJ,) J Jeremy C. F. Millett (AWE 2 , Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR,) G Glenn Whiteman (AWE 2 , Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR,) V Viviane Peçanha-Antonio (Department of Physics, University of Oxford 3 , Oxford OX1 3PU,) A Andrew T. Boothroyd D David J. Chapman (Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford 1 , Oxford OX1 3PJ,) D Daniel E. Eakins (Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford 1 , Oxford OX1 3PJ,)

Abstract

Spall occurs when materials are subjected to shock impacts; under this loading, the material properties can be modified through microstructural changes and phase transitions. The effect of these changes on subsequent spall has been under-explored. The anisotropy of tin’s ambient crystal structure and the accessibility of the β → γ solid–solid phase transition under shock loading mean that tin offers a rich domain in which to study spall failure. Through testing single-crystal and polycrystal samples shocked above and below this transition, the effects of these variables on the deformation behavior of tin can be determined. Although no orientation dependent spall behavior is observed, unusual strain-rate-dependent behavior is observed, indicating likely mechanisms for the high-rate behavior of tin.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 139, Issue 21
Published June 07, 2026
ISSN 0021-8979
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Journal of Applied Physics

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0021-8979 Physical Sciences

Authors (10)

J

Jasper G. Threadingham

Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford 1 , Oxford OX1 3PJ,

X

Xuefei Liang

Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford 1 , Oxford OX1 3PJ,

E

Edward Leggett

Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford 1 , Oxford OX1 3PJ,

L

Liam C. Smith

Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford 1 , Oxford OX1 3PJ,

J

Jeremy C. F. Millett

AWE 2 , Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR,

G

Glenn Whiteman

AWE 2 , Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR,

V

Viviane Peçanha-Antonio

Department of Physics, University of Oxford 3 , Oxford OX1 3PU,

A

Andrew T. Boothroyd

D

David J. Chapman

Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford 1 , Oxford OX1 3PJ,

D

Daniel E. Eakins

Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford 1 , Oxford OX1 3PJ,