Inflammation impairs post-hospital discharge growth among children hospitalised with acute illness in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia

J James M. Njunge E Evans O. Mudibo J Jasper Bogaert B Benedict Orindi C Charles J. Sande C Celine Bourdon C Caroline Tigoi M Moses M. Ngari N Narshion Ngao E Elisha Omer W Wilson Gumbi R Robert Musyimi M Molline Timbwa S Shalton Mwaringa A Agnes Gwela J Johnstone Thitiri E Ezekiel Mupere C Christina L. Lancioni G Gerard Bryan Gonzales B Benson O. Singa E Emmie Mbale W Wieger P. Voskuijl D Donna M. Denno A Abdoulaye Hama Diallo R Roseline Maϊmouna Bamouni M Mohammod Jobayer Chisti A Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahid T Tahmeed Ahmed A Ali Faisal Saleem S Syed Asad Ali H Holm H. Uhlig (Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom) K Kirkby D. Tickell R Robert H. J. Bandsma J Judd L. Walson J James A. Berkley (KEMRI–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Center for Graphic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya)

Abstract

Abstract In resource-limited settings, children often experience poor growth following illness, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. This cohort study in six countries in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia investigates pathways linking inflammation and post-discharge weight gain among children hospitalised with acute illness. We determine associations between inflammation, enteropathy, growth mediators and other exposures at hospital discharge and weight gain during 90 days and explain how these exposures influence growth. Here, we show that systemic inflammation impacts mediators of linear growth including the Growth hormone/Insulin-like growth factor 1 axis and bone metabolism to a larger extent and weight gain via enteroendocrine peptide YY and glucagon pathways to a lesser extent. Systemic inflammation negatively affects weight gain directly. Enteropathy impacts growth through systemic inflammation. Adverse household and chronic medical conditions predominantly influence weight gain through inflammation. It is critical to address inflammation, the intestinal mucosal barrier and other exposures driving inflammation to optimise recovery.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 16, Issue 1
Published November 28, 2025
ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher Nature Portfolio

Journal Info

Nature Communications

Nature Portfolio

ISSN: 2041-1723 Open Access Life Sciences

Authors (35)

J

James M. Njunge

E

Evans O. Mudibo

J

Jasper Bogaert

B

Benedict Orindi

C

Charles J. Sande

C

Celine Bourdon

C

Caroline Tigoi

M

Moses M. Ngari

N

Narshion Ngao

E

Elisha Omer

W

Wilson Gumbi

R

Robert Musyimi

M

Molline Timbwa

S

Shalton Mwaringa

A

Agnes Gwela

J

Johnstone Thitiri

E

Ezekiel Mupere

C

Christina L. Lancioni

G

Gerard Bryan Gonzales

B

Benson O. Singa

E

Emmie Mbale

W

Wieger P. Voskuijl

D

Donna M. Denno

A

Abdoulaye Hama Diallo

R

Roseline Maϊmouna Bamouni

M

Mohammod Jobayer Chisti

A

Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahid

T

Tahmeed Ahmed

A

Ali Faisal Saleem

S

Syed Asad Ali

H

Holm H. Uhlig

Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

K

Kirkby D. Tickell

R

Robert H. J. Bandsma

J

Judd L. Walson

J

James A. Berkley

KEMRI–Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Center for Graphic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya