Impact & Causes of Urinary Stone: A Review

Abstract

The process of stone formation in the kidneys, bladder and/or urethra (urinary tract) is called urolithiasis. Men are twice as likely to produce stones as women. Stone obstruction of  the ureters or renal pelvis is characterized by excruciating, intermittent pain radiating from the flank to the groin or  genital area and the inner thigh. Rock types are named according to their mineral composition. The most common minerals are struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate), calcium oxalate, urate, cystine and silica. The most abundant rock on Earth contains calcium. Protection measures depend on the type of stone.