Human olfactory sensitivity varies across geographical locations

A Aleksandra Reichert N Nixon M. Abraham J Jancy N. Abraham M Maria Laura Albanese R Rafieh Alizadeh I Ines Aloulou L Lixin Chen (State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering) M Ma. Lourdes Berioso Enecilla M Marco Aurélio Fornazieri J Johannes Frasnelli J Juan Martin Fuselli F Fatima Gansatao C Cagdas Guducu A Anna Kristina Hernandez M Marlise K. Hofer S Salina Husain R Reda Kamel E Elliott Lamond F Francesco Loy M Mehmet K. Mahmut D Daniel Marek C Carla Masala Élizabeth Michaluk I Imen Miri M Marjan Mirsalehi P Plamena Miteva I Isabel Bernardes Moura A Anasuha Musa H Hanène Naija K Keigo Nakaachi J Jayant M. Pinto P Patricia Portillo Mazal A Ahmed Radwan F Farhad Rafiei D Devesh Rawat K Katarzyna Resler H Henrique O. Scussiatto H Hozifa Alsaid Sheta S Sharanya M. Thodupunoori B Brianna J. Turner N Nora Van Oosterhout H Hangying Wu A Ayaho Yoshino L Laiquan Zou B Barbara Zyzelewicz T Thomas Hummel A Anna Oleszkiewicz

Abstract

Abstract It has been assumed that olfactory sensitivity is relatively consistent in different populations worldwide. Emerging, yet fragmented evidence lends credit to the hypothesis that olfactory sensitivity may be geographically diverse. To gain deeper insight regarding the interplay between geographical, demographic, and health factors in the context of olfactory sensitivity, we conducted a multicenter study comprising data from 1046 participants inhabiting 19 locations around the world. Our results revealed that location accounted for 17–20% of the variance in chemosensory sensitivity. Demographic and psychological factors related to working memory and depressive symptoms also contribute to explaining sensitivity to odors, accounting for 1.6–2.9% of the variance in chemosensory sensitivity. Thus, we conclude that inhabitants of different geographical regions may present different sensitivities to chemical stimuli. We discuss the factors that could potentially be included in future investigations to pinpoint even more precisely what factors determine differences in chemosensory sensitivity around the globe.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 16, Issue 1
Published February 18, 2026
ISSN 2045-2322
Publisher Nature Portfolio

Journal Info

Scientific Reports

Nature Portfolio

ISSN: 2045-2322 Open Access Life Sciences

Authors (47)

A

Aleksandra Reichert

N

Nixon M. Abraham

J

Jancy N. Abraham

M

Maria Laura Albanese

R

Rafieh Alizadeh

I

Ines Aloulou

L

Lixin Chen

State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering

M

Ma. Lourdes Berioso Enecilla

M

Marco Aurélio Fornazieri

J

Johannes Frasnelli

J

Juan Martin Fuselli

F

Fatima Gansatao

C

Cagdas Guducu

A

Anna Kristina Hernandez

M

Marlise K. Hofer

S

Salina Husain

R

Reda Kamel

E

Elliott Lamond

F

Francesco Loy

M

Mehmet K. Mahmut

D

Daniel Marek

C

Carla Masala

Élizabeth Michaluk

I

Imen Miri

M

Marjan Mirsalehi

P

Plamena Miteva

I

Isabel Bernardes Moura

A

Anasuha Musa

H

Hanène Naija

K

Keigo Nakaachi

J

Jayant M. Pinto

P

Patricia Portillo Mazal

A

Ahmed Radwan

F

Farhad Rafiei

D

Devesh Rawat

K

Katarzyna Resler

H

Henrique O. Scussiatto

H

Hozifa Alsaid Sheta

S

Sharanya M. Thodupunoori

B

Brianna J. Turner

N

Nora Van Oosterhout

H

Hangying Wu

A

Ayaho Yoshino

L

Laiquan Zou

B

Barbara Zyzelewicz

T

Thomas Hummel

A

Anna Oleszkiewicz