How Does the Precursor Influence the Li‐Rich Layered Oxide Cathode?
Abstract
Abstract As a fundamental determinant of Li‐ion battery (LIB) cathode performance and production scalability/feasibility, selection and optimization of precursors represent an essential challenge for the commercialization of layered oxide cathodes. However, for lithium‐rich layered oxide (LRLO) cathodes, the overwhelming majority of laboratory research has rigidly continued to employ carbonate precursors for further modifications while ignoring the potential of hydroxide precursors, which have been undisputedly utilized as commercial precursors for large‐scale production of nickel–cobalt–manganese oxide (NCM) cathodes. This bias toward precursor selection seriously impedes the practical application of the LRLO cathode and largely wastes the resources of lab‐scale scientific research. Herein, through comparative analysis, the structure‐property relationship between carbonate precursor‐derived (CO3‐) and hydroxide precursor‐derived (OH‐) LRLO cathodes was established, elucidating the significance of particle architectural features, especially primary‐particle stacking density (PSD). Specifically, the lower PSD of the CO3‐LRLO cathode facilitates Li⁺ diffusion by enriching the electrolyte‐infiltrated ionic transport pathway but introduces cracks that reduce the volumetric energy density and interfacial/thermal stability. In contrast, the higher PSD of the OH‐LRLO cathode improves structural integrity by enhancing the covalent environment, layered structure, and particle architecture. Moreover, multiple optimization approaches have been proposed and implemented (e.g., electrolyte engineering, lattice doping, and blending strategies) to mitigate inherent drawbacks derived from various precursors.
Article Details
Authors (19)
Yizhen Huang
Chunpu Li
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
Kang Zhang
Qi Biodesign, Beijing, China.
Yonglin Tang
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
Wenbin Tu
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen P. R. China
Yuan Tian
Junhao Wang
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
Yawen Yan
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen P. R. China
Yilong Chen
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Yue Zou
Lianpeng Li
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
Baodan Zhang
Center of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Jun Bao
SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
Chuxiong Ding
Research Center of R&D Insitute BASF Shanshan Battery Materials Co., Ltd Changsha Hunan 410221 P. R. China
Yongchen Wang
Tian Qiu
Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, ChEM-H and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford Medical School
Xin Sun
Yu Qiao
Shi‐Gang Sun
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen P. R. China