Host-microbe multiomic profiling identifies distinct COVID-19 immune dysregulation in solid organ transplant recipients

J Joanna Schaenman H Hoang Van Phan A Alexandra Tsitsiklis N Nadine Rouphael N Nelson Iván Agudelo Higuita M Mark A. Atkinson S Scott Brakenridge M Monica Fung W William Messer A Adreanne M. Rivera H Harry Pickering S Subha Sen D David Elashoff D Dawn C. Ward J Jenny Brook E Estefania Ramires-Sanchez M Megan Llamas C Claudia Perdomo C Clara E. Magyar (Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles) J Jennifer Fulcher D David J. Erle C Carolyn S. Calfee C Carolyn M. Hendrickson K Kirsten N. Kangelaris V Viet Nguyen D Deanna Lee S Suzanna Chak R Rajani Ghale A Ana Gonzalez A Alejandra Jauregui C Carolyn Leroux L Luz Torres Altamirano A Ahmad Sadeed Rashid A Andrew Willmore P Prescott G. Woodruff (Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.) M Matthew F. Krummel S Sidney Carrillo A Alyssa Ward R Ravi Patel M Michael Wilson R Ravi Dandekar B Bonny Alvarenga J Jayant Rajan A Andrew W. Schroeder G Gabriela K. Fragiadakis E Eran Mick Y Yanedth Sanchez Guerrero C Christina Love L Lenka Maliskova M Michael Adkisson A Aleksandra Leligdowicz A Alexander Beagle A Arjun Rao (Department of Emergency Medicine, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia) A Austin Sigman B Bushra Samad C Cindy Curiel C Cole Shaw G Gayelan Tietje-Ulrich J Jeff Milush J Jonathan Singer J Joshua J. Vasquez K Kevin Tang L Legna Betancourt L Lekshmi Santhosh L Logan Pierce M Maria Tecero Paz M Michael M. Matthay N Neeta Thakur N Nicklaus Rodriguez N Nicole Sutter N Norman Jones P Pratik Sinha P Priya Prasad R Raphael Lota S Sadeed Rashid S Saurabh Asthana S Sharvari Bhide T Tasha Lea Y Yumiko Abe-Jones L Lauren I. R. Ehrlich (Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin) E Esther Melamed C Cole Maguire D Dennis Wylie J Justin F. Rousseau K Kerin C. Hurley J Janelle N. Geltman N Nadia Siles J Jacob E. Rogers P Pablo Guaman Tipan A Arun K. Boddapati G Greg K. Tharp K Kathryn L. Pellegrini B Brandi Johnson B Bernadine Panganiban C Christopher Huerta E Evan J. Anderson H Hady Samaha J Jonathan E. Sevransky L Laurel Bristow E Elizabeth Beagle D David Cowan S Sydney Hamilton T Thomas Hodder A Amer Bechnak A Andrew Cheng A Aneesh Mehta C Caroline R. Ciric C Christine Spainhour E Erin Carter E Erin M. Scherer J Jacob Usher K Kieffer Hellmeister L Laila Hussaini L Lauren Hewitt N Nina Mcnair S Sonia Wimalasena J Jordan P. Metcalf N Nelson I. Agudelo Higuita L Lauren A. Sinko J J. Leland Booth D Douglas A. Drevets B Brent R. Brown S Scott C. Brakenridge R Ricardo F. Ungaro B Brittany Roth Manning L Lyle Moldawer W William B. Messer C Catherine L. Hough S Sarah A. R. Siegel P Peter E. Sullivan Z Zhengchun Lu A Amanda E. Brunton M Matthew Strand Z Zoe L. Lyski F Felicity J. Coulter C Courtney Micheletti S Scott Presnell B Bernard Kohr T Tomasz Jancsyk A Azlann Arnett A Alison D. Augustine S Steven M. Holland L Lindsey B. Rosen S Serena Lee T Tatyana Vaysman J Jing Chen A Alvin T. Kho C Carly E. Milliren A Ana C. Chang K Kerry McEnaney C Caitlin Syphurs (Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital) B Brenda Barton C Claudia Lentucci M Maimouna D. Murphy M Mehmet Saluvan T Tanzia Shaheen S Shanshan Liu M Marisa Albert A Arash Nemati Hayati R Robert Bryant J James Abraham M Mitchell Cooney M Meagan Karoly H Hanno Steen (Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital) P Patrick van Zalm B Benoit Fatou K Kinga K. Smolen (Harvard Medical School) A Arthur Viode S Simon van Haren M Meenakshi Jha D David Stevenson S Sanya Thomas B Boryana Petrova N Naama Kanarek A Ana Fernandez-Sesma V Viviana Simon H Harm van Bakel A Ana Silvia Gonzalez-Reiche J Jingjing Qi (Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, University of California San Diego School of Medicine) B Brian Lee J Juan Manuel Carreño G Gagandeep Singh A Ariel Raskin J Johnstone Tcheou Z Zain Khalil A Adriana van de Guchte K Keith Farrugia Z Zenab Khan G Geoffrey Kelly K Komal Srivastava L Lily Q. Eaker M Maria C. Bermúdez-González L Lubbertus C. F. Mulder K Katherine F. Beach M Miti Saksena D Deena Altman E Erna Kojic L Levy A. Sominsky A Arman Azad D Dominika Bielak H Hisaaki Kawabata T Temima Yellin M Miriam Fried L Leeba Sullivan S Sara Morris G Giulio Kleiner D Daniel Stadlbauer J Jayeeta Dutta H Hui Xie M Manishkumar Patel K Kai Nie B Brian Monahan D David A. Hafler R Ruth R. Montgomery (Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine) A Albert C. Shaw (Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT) J Jeremy P. Gygi D Dylan Duchen S Shrikant Pawar A Anna Konstorum E Ernie Chen (Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine) C Chris Cotsapas (Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine) X Xiaomei Wang (State Key Laboratory of Rare Earths) C Charles Dela Cruz A Akiko Iwasaki (Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine) S Subhasis Mohanty A Allison Nelson Y Yujiao Zhao S Shelli Farhadian H Hiromitsu Asashima O Omkar Chaudhary A Andreas Coppi J John Fournier M M. Catherine Muenker K Khadir Raddassi M Michael Rainone W William Ruff S Syim Salahuddin W Wade L. Shulz P Pavithra Vijayakumar H Haowei Wang E Esio Wunder H H. Patrick Young A Albert I. Ko G Gisela Gabernet D Denise Esserman (Yale School of Public Health) L Leying Guan A Anderson Brito J Jessica Rothman N Nathan D. Grubaugh K Kexin Wang (School of Engineering and Applied Sciences) L Leqi Xu H Holden Maecker B Bali Pulendran K Kari C. Nadeau Y Yael Rosenberg-Hasson (Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine) M Michael Leipold N Natalia Sigal A Angela Rogers A Andrea Fernandes M Monali Manohar E Evan Do I Iris Chang A Alexandra S. Lee C Catherine Blish H Henna Naz Din J Jonasel Roque L Linda N. Geng M Maja Artandi M Mark M. Davis (Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University) N Neera Ahuja S Samuel S. Yang S Sharon Chinthrajah T Thomas Hagan T Tyson H. Holmes K Koji Abe L Lindsey R. Baden K Kevin Mendez (Harvard Medical School) J Jessica Lasky-Su (Harvard Medical School) A Alexandra Tong R Rebecca Rooks M Michael Desjardins A Amy C. Sherman S Stephen R. Walsh X Xhoi Mitre J Jessica Cauley X Xiaofang Li (Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China) B Bethany Evans C Christina Montesano J Jose Humberto Licona J Jonathan Krauss N Nicholas C. Issa J Jun Bai Park Chang N Natalie Izaguirre D David B. Corry F Farrah Kheradmand L Li-Zhen Song E Ebony Nelson M Monica Kraft C Chris Bime J Jarrod Mosier H Heidi Erickson R Ron Schunk H Hiroki Kimura M Michelle Conway D Dave Francisco A Allyson Molzahn C Connie Cathleen Wilson T Trina Hughes B Bianca Sierra J Jordan Oberhaus F Faheem W. Guirgis B Brittney Borresen M Matthew L. Anderson B Bjoern Peters R Randi Vita K Kerstin Westendorf S Scott J. Tebbutt C Casey P. Shannon R Rafick-Pierre Sekaly S Slim Fourati G Grace A. McComsey P Paul Harris S Scott Sieg G George Yendewa M Mary Consolo H Heather Tribout S Susan Pereira Ribeiro C Charles B. Cairns E Elias K. Haddad M Michele A. Kutzler M Mariana Bernui G Gina Cusimano J Jennifer Connors K Kyra Woloszczuk D David Joyner C Carolyn Edwards E Edward Lee E Edward Lin N Nataliya Melnyk D Debra L. Powell J James N. Kim I I. Michael Goonewardene B Brent Simmons C Cecilia M. Smith M Mark Martens B Brett Croen N Nicholas C. Semenza M Mathew R. Bell S Sara Furukawa R Renee McLin G George P. Tegos B Brandon Rogowski N Nathan Mege K Kristen Ulring P Pam Schearer J Judie Sheidy C Crystal Nagle J James A. Overton S Scott R. Hutton G Greg Michelotti K Kari Wong A Adeeb Rahman V Vicki Seyfert-Margolis R Ramin Salehi-Rad M Matthew C. Altman P Patrice M. Becker S Steven E. Bosinger (Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center) W Walter Eckalbar A Annmarie Hoch N Naresh Doni Jayavelu S Seunghee Kim-Schulze M Meagan Jenkins S Steven H. Kleinstein (Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine) F Florian Krammer H Holden T. Maecker (Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine) A Al Ozonoff J Joann Diray-Arce (Harvard Medical School) A Albert Shaw L Lindsey Baden O Ofer Levy (Harvard Medical School) E Elaine F. Reed C Charles R. Langelier

Abstract

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses significant risks for solid organ transplant recipients, who have atypical but poorly characterized immune responses to infection. We aim to understand the host immunologic and microbial features of COVID-19 in transplant recipients by leveraging a prospective multicenter cohort of 86 transplant recipients age- and sex-matched with 172 non-transplant controls. We find that transplant recipients have higher nasal SARS-CoV-2 viral abundance and impaired viral clearance, and lower anti-spike IgG levels. In addition, transplant recipients exhibit decreased plasmablasts and transitional B cells, and increased senescent T cells. Blood and nasal transcriptional profiling demonstrate unexpected upregulation of innate immune signaling pathways and increased levels of several proinflammatory serum chemokines. Severe disease in transplant recipients, however, is characterized by a less robust induction of pro-inflammatory genes and chemokines. Together, our study reveals distinct immune features and altered viral dynamics in solid organ transplant recipients.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 16, Issue 1
Published January 10, 2025
ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher Nature Portfolio

Journal Info

Nature Communications

Nature Portfolio

ISSN: 2041-1723 Open Access Life Sciences

Authors (382)

J

Joanna Schaenman

H

Hoang Van Phan

A

Alexandra Tsitsiklis

N

Nadine Rouphael

N

Nelson Iván Agudelo Higuita

M

Mark A. Atkinson

S

Scott Brakenridge

M

Monica Fung

W

William Messer

A

Adreanne M. Rivera

H

Harry Pickering

S

Subha Sen

D

David Elashoff

D

Dawn C. Ward

J

Jenny Brook

E

Estefania Ramires-Sanchez

M

Megan Llamas

C

Claudia Perdomo

C

Clara E. Magyar

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles

J

Jennifer Fulcher

D

David J. Erle

C

Carolyn S. Calfee

C

Carolyn M. Hendrickson

K

Kirsten N. Kangelaris

V

Viet Nguyen

D

Deanna Lee

S

Suzanna Chak

R

Rajani Ghale

A

Ana Gonzalez

A

Alejandra Jauregui

C

Carolyn Leroux

L

Luz Torres Altamirano

A

Ahmad Sadeed Rashid

A

Andrew Willmore

P

Prescott G. Woodruff

Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

M

Matthew F. Krummel

S

Sidney Carrillo

A

Alyssa Ward

R

Ravi Patel

M

Michael Wilson

R

Ravi Dandekar

B

Bonny Alvarenga

J

Jayant Rajan

A

Andrew W. Schroeder

G

Gabriela K. Fragiadakis

E

Eran Mick

Y

Yanedth Sanchez Guerrero

C

Christina Love

L

Lenka Maliskova

M

Michael Adkisson

A

Aleksandra Leligdowicz

A

Alexander Beagle

A

Arjun Rao

Department of Emergency Medicine, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia

A

Austin Sigman

B

Bushra Samad

C

Cindy Curiel

C

Cole Shaw

G

Gayelan Tietje-Ulrich

J

Jeff Milush

J

Jonathan Singer

J

Joshua J. Vasquez

K

Kevin Tang

L

Legna Betancourt

L

Lekshmi Santhosh

L

Logan Pierce

M

Maria Tecero Paz

M

Michael M. Matthay

N

Neeta Thakur

N

Nicklaus Rodriguez

N

Nicole Sutter

N

Norman Jones

P

Pratik Sinha

P

Priya Prasad

R

Raphael Lota

S

Sadeed Rashid

S

Saurabh Asthana

S

Sharvari Bhide

T

Tasha Lea

Y

Yumiko Abe-Jones

L

Lauren I. R. Ehrlich

Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin

E

Esther Melamed

C

Cole Maguire

D

Dennis Wylie

J

Justin F. Rousseau

K

Kerin C. Hurley

J

Janelle N. Geltman

N

Nadia Siles

J

Jacob E. Rogers

P

Pablo Guaman Tipan

A

Arun K. Boddapati

G

Greg K. Tharp

K

Kathryn L. Pellegrini

B

Brandi Johnson

B

Bernadine Panganiban

C

Christopher Huerta

E

Evan J. Anderson

H

Hady Samaha

J

Jonathan E. Sevransky

L

Laurel Bristow

E

Elizabeth Beagle

D

David Cowan

S

Sydney Hamilton

T

Thomas Hodder

A

Amer Bechnak

A

Andrew Cheng

A

Aneesh Mehta

C

Caroline R. Ciric

C

Christine Spainhour

E

Erin Carter

E

Erin M. Scherer

J

Jacob Usher

K

Kieffer Hellmeister

L

Laila Hussaini

L

Lauren Hewitt

N

Nina Mcnair

S

Sonia Wimalasena

J

Jordan P. Metcalf

N

Nelson I. Agudelo Higuita

L

Lauren A. Sinko

J

J. Leland Booth

D

Douglas A. Drevets

B

Brent R. Brown

S

Scott C. Brakenridge

R

Ricardo F. Ungaro

B

Brittany Roth Manning

L

Lyle Moldawer

W

William B. Messer

C

Catherine L. Hough

S

Sarah A. R. Siegel

P

Peter E. Sullivan

Z

Zhengchun Lu

A

Amanda E. Brunton

M

Matthew Strand

Z

Zoe L. Lyski

F

Felicity J. Coulter

C

Courtney Micheletti

S

Scott Presnell

B

Bernard Kohr

T

Tomasz Jancsyk

A

Azlann Arnett

A

Alison D. Augustine

S

Steven M. Holland

L

Lindsey B. Rosen

S

Serena Lee

T

Tatyana Vaysman

J

Jing Chen

A

Alvin T. Kho

C

Carly E. Milliren

A

Ana C. Chang

K

Kerry McEnaney

C

Caitlin Syphurs

Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital

B

Brenda Barton

C

Claudia Lentucci

M

Maimouna D. Murphy

M

Mehmet Saluvan

T

Tanzia Shaheen

S

Shanshan Liu

M

Marisa Albert

A

Arash Nemati Hayati

R

Robert Bryant

J

James Abraham

M

Mitchell Cooney

M

Meagan Karoly

H

Hanno Steen

Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital

P

Patrick van Zalm

B

Benoit Fatou

K

Kinga K. Smolen

Harvard Medical School

A

Arthur Viode

S

Simon van Haren

M

Meenakshi Jha

D

David Stevenson

S

Sanya Thomas

B

Boryana Petrova

N

Naama Kanarek

A

Ana Fernandez-Sesma

V

Viviana Simon

H

Harm van Bakel

A

Ana Silvia Gonzalez-Reiche

J

Jingjing Qi

Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, University of California San Diego School of Medicine

B

Brian Lee

J

Juan Manuel Carreño

G

Gagandeep Singh

A

Ariel Raskin

J

Johnstone Tcheou

Z

Zain Khalil

A

Adriana van de Guchte

K

Keith Farrugia

Z

Zenab Khan

G

Geoffrey Kelly

K

Komal Srivastava

L

Lily Q. Eaker

M

Maria C. Bermúdez-González

L

Lubbertus C. F. Mulder

K

Katherine F. Beach

M

Miti Saksena

D

Deena Altman

E

Erna Kojic

L

Levy A. Sominsky

A

Arman Azad

D

Dominika Bielak

H

Hisaaki Kawabata

T

Temima Yellin

M

Miriam Fried

L

Leeba Sullivan

S

Sara Morris

G

Giulio Kleiner

D

Daniel Stadlbauer

J

Jayeeta Dutta

H

Hui Xie

M

Manishkumar Patel

K

Kai Nie

B

Brian Monahan

D

David A. Hafler

R

Ruth R. Montgomery

Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine

A

Albert C. Shaw

Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

J

Jeremy P. Gygi

D

Dylan Duchen

S

Shrikant Pawar

A

Anna Konstorum

E

Ernie Chen

Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine

C

Chris Cotsapas

Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine

X

Xiaomei Wang

State Key Laboratory of Rare Earths

C

Charles Dela Cruz

A

Akiko Iwasaki

Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine

S

Subhasis Mohanty

A

Allison Nelson

Y

Yujiao Zhao

S

Shelli Farhadian

H

Hiromitsu Asashima

O

Omkar Chaudhary

A

Andreas Coppi

J

John Fournier

M

M. Catherine Muenker

K

Khadir Raddassi

M

Michael Rainone

W

William Ruff

S

Syim Salahuddin

W

Wade L. Shulz

P

Pavithra Vijayakumar

H

Haowei Wang

E

Esio Wunder

H

H. Patrick Young

A

Albert I. Ko

G

Gisela Gabernet

D

Denise Esserman

Yale School of Public Health

L

Leying Guan

A

Anderson Brito

J

Jessica Rothman

N

Nathan D. Grubaugh

K

Kexin Wang

School of Engineering and Applied Sciences

L

Leqi Xu

H

Holden Maecker

B

Bali Pulendran

K

Kari C. Nadeau

Y

Yael Rosenberg-Hasson

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine

M

Michael Leipold

N

Natalia Sigal

A

Angela Rogers

A

Andrea Fernandes

M

Monali Manohar

E

Evan Do

I

Iris Chang

A

Alexandra S. Lee

C

Catherine Blish

H

Henna Naz Din

J

Jonasel Roque

L

Linda N. Geng

M

Maja Artandi

M

Mark M. Davis

Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University

N

Neera Ahuja

S

Samuel S. Yang

S

Sharon Chinthrajah

T

Thomas Hagan

T

Tyson H. Holmes

K

Koji Abe

L

Lindsey R. Baden

K

Kevin Mendez

Harvard Medical School

J

Jessica Lasky-Su

Harvard Medical School

A

Alexandra Tong

R

Rebecca Rooks

M

Michael Desjardins

A

Amy C. Sherman

S

Stephen R. Walsh

X

Xhoi Mitre

J

Jessica Cauley

X

Xiaofang Li

Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China

B

Bethany Evans

C

Christina Montesano

J

Jose Humberto Licona

J

Jonathan Krauss

N

Nicholas C. Issa

J

Jun Bai Park Chang

N

Natalie Izaguirre

D

David B. Corry

F

Farrah Kheradmand

L

Li-Zhen Song

E

Ebony Nelson

M

Monica Kraft

C

Chris Bime

J

Jarrod Mosier

H

Heidi Erickson

R

Ron Schunk

H

Hiroki Kimura

M

Michelle Conway

D

Dave Francisco

A

Allyson Molzahn

C

Connie Cathleen Wilson

T

Trina Hughes

B

Bianca Sierra

J

Jordan Oberhaus

F

Faheem W. Guirgis

B

Brittney Borresen

M

Matthew L. Anderson

B

Bjoern Peters

R

Randi Vita

K

Kerstin Westendorf

S

Scott J. Tebbutt

C

Casey P. Shannon

R

Rafick-Pierre Sekaly

S

Slim Fourati

G

Grace A. McComsey

P

Paul Harris

S

Scott Sieg

G

George Yendewa

M

Mary Consolo

H

Heather Tribout

S

Susan Pereira Ribeiro

C

Charles B. Cairns

E

Elias K. Haddad

M

Michele A. Kutzler

M

Mariana Bernui

G

Gina Cusimano

J

Jennifer Connors

K

Kyra Woloszczuk

D

David Joyner

C

Carolyn Edwards

E

Edward Lee

E

Edward Lin

N

Nataliya Melnyk

D

Debra L. Powell

J

James N. Kim

I

I. Michael Goonewardene

B

Brent Simmons

C

Cecilia M. Smith

M

Mark Martens

B

Brett Croen

N

Nicholas C. Semenza

M

Mathew R. Bell

S

Sara Furukawa

R

Renee McLin

G

George P. Tegos

B

Brandon Rogowski

N

Nathan Mege

K

Kristen Ulring

P

Pam Schearer

J

Judie Sheidy

C

Crystal Nagle

J

James A. Overton

S

Scott R. Hutton

G

Greg Michelotti

K

Kari Wong

A

Adeeb Rahman

V

Vicki Seyfert-Margolis

R

Ramin Salehi-Rad

M

Matthew C. Altman

P

Patrice M. Becker

S

Steven E. Bosinger

Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center

W

Walter Eckalbar

A

Annmarie Hoch

N

Naresh Doni Jayavelu

S

Seunghee Kim-Schulze

M

Meagan Jenkins

S

Steven H. Kleinstein

Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine

F

Florian Krammer

H

Holden T. Maecker

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine

A

Al Ozonoff

J

Joann Diray-Arce

Harvard Medical School

A

Albert Shaw

L

Lindsey Baden

O

Ofer Levy

Harvard Medical School

E

Elaine F. Reed

C

Charles R. Langelier