High-intensity eccentric hip abductor strength training improves dynamic knee valgus in a task-dependent manner in asymptomatic young women: A pilot study

Abstract

Introduction Dynamic knee valgus is linked to reduced hip abduction strength, a critical factor in knee stability during unilateral movements. While interventions to reduce dynamic knee valgus often use traditional hip abduction training, many neglect the eccentric function of hip abductors, essential for controlling femoral medial translation. This pilot study compared the effects of a four-week-long eccentric vs. concentric hip abduction training on hip abduction torque, countermovement jump performance, dynamic knee valgus measured during one-legged jumping and drop landing, and determined if reductions in dynamic knee valgus correlated with increases in hip abduction torque and countermovement jump performance. Materials and methods Asymptomatic, physically active female college students (n = 20, 21.3 ± 2.51 years) with dynamic knee valgus were randomized to either eccentric or concentric hip abduction strength training. Testing included maximum hip abduction torque on an isokinetic dynamometer, single-leg countermovement jumps, and single-leg drop landings analyzed with 3D motion tracking. Participants trained three times per week for four weeks, performing four sets of 10 maximal effort repetitions. Results The two groups did not differ at baseline in any outcomes (all p > 0.05). Eccentric hip abduction torque improved over time (F = 39.7, p < 0.001) without a group-by-time interaction. Dynamic knee valgus decreased during single-leg countermovement jumps (time main effect: F = 33.5, p < 0.05) and single-leg drop landings (time main effect: F = 14.8, p < 0.05). The reductions in dynamic knee valgus, measured during single-leg countermovement jumps, were greater (p < 0.05) after eccentric vs. concentric training (group by time interaction: F = 5.57, p < 0.05). Countermovement jump improved similarly in the two groups (time main effect: F = 5.1, p < 0.05), without group by time interaction. Improvements in hip abduction maximal torque and countermovement jump performance, and changes in dynamic knee valgus outcomes did not correlate (p > 0.05). Conclusions High-intensity eccentric versus concentric hip abductor strength training was superior in dynamic knee valgus improvement measured during single-leg countermovement jump but not during drop landings in asymptomatic young women, while both training modalities improved single leg countermovement jump performance.