High bacterial diversity drives the suppression of a soilborne plant disease

X Xiaoli Bai (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University) Z Zhefei Li (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University) B Beibei Chen (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University) X Xun Qian (Interdisciplinary Research Center for Soil Microbial Ecology and Land Sustainable Productivity in Dry Areas, Northwest A&F University) Y Yu Guo Q Qian Wang C Chun Chen (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University) W Weimin Chen (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University) X Xihui Shen (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University) J Jialin Liu (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University) J Juan Jin (School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University) W Weiqin Zhang (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University) Q Qi Liu S Shi Chen S Shanshan Yang (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University) L Leilei Xu M Marcel G. A. van der Heijden (Plant–Soil Interactions, Agroscope) J James M. Tiedje (Interdisciplinary Research Center for Soil Microbial Ecology and Land Sustainable Productivity in Dry Areas, Northwest A&F University) S Shuo Jiao (Department of Environmental Science, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University) G Gehong Wei (Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University)

Abstract

The rhizosphere microbiome plays a crucial role in the resistance to soilborne plant diseases. However, the principles needed to explain and predict which microbiota will be effective against soilborne pathogens are still lacking due to the complexity of the soil microbial community. We hypothesized that, independent of particular microbial strains, a high diversity is associated with, or increases the probability of, effective suppression. We tested this hypothesis by demonstrating that random combinations of rhizosphere microbial isolates, with the same bacterial diversity, had an equal impact on suppressing root diseases. The incidence of root rot was significantly reduced when soil bacterial diversity was high. We further investigated how high-diversity bacterial communities suppress root rot by constructing synthetic bacterial communities (SynComs). The results suggest that high bacterial diversity suppresses pathogens through mechanisms potentially including nutrient competition and the formation of physical barriers on the root surface. Our study highlights that high bacterial diversity is beneficial for suppressing soilborne plant diseases, offering a nonchemical and sustainable approach for crop disease management.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 123, Issue 10
Published March 10, 2026
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (20)

X

Xiaoli Bai

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University

Z

Zhefei Li

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University

B

Beibei Chen

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University

X

Xun Qian

Interdisciplinary Research Center for Soil Microbial Ecology and Land Sustainable Productivity in Dry Areas, Northwest A&F University

Y

Yu Guo

Q

Qian Wang

C

Chun Chen

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University

W

Weimin Chen

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University

X

Xihui Shen

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University

J

Jialin Liu

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University

J

Juan Jin

School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University

W

Weiqin Zhang

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University

Q

Qi Liu

S

Shi Chen

S

Shanshan Yang

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University

L

Leilei Xu

M

Marcel G. A. van der Heijden

Plant–Soil Interactions, Agroscope

J

James M. Tiedje

Interdisciplinary Research Center for Soil Microbial Ecology and Land Sustainable Productivity in Dry Areas, Northwest A&F University

S

Shuo Jiao

Department of Environmental Science, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University

G

Gehong Wei

Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University