HIF1α mediates circadian regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism and substrate preference in response to time-of-day exercise

A Amy M. Ehrlich (Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen) K Kirstin A. MacGregor (Integrative Physiology Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet) S Stephen P. Ashcroft (Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen) L Lewin Small (Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen) A Ali Altıntaş (Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen) A Alexander V. Chibalin (Integrative Physiology Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet) M Matthias Anagho-Mattanovich (Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen) B Ben Stocks (Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen) T Thomas Moritz (Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen) J Jonas T. Treebak (Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen) J Juleen R. Zierath (Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen)

Abstract

The regulation of metabolism in peripheral tissues is intricately linked to circadian rhythms, with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) implicated in modulating time-of-day-specific exercise responses. To investigate this relationship, we generated a skeletal muscle-specific HIF1α knockout (KO) mouse model and performed extensive metabolic phenotyping and transcriptomic profiling under both basal conditions and following acute exercise during early rest (ZT3) and active (ZT15) phases. Our findings reveal that HIF1α drives a more robust transcriptional and glycolytic response to exercise at ZT3, promoting glucose oxidation and mannose-6-phosphate production while potentially sparing fatty acid oxidation. In the absence of HIF1α, skeletal muscle metabolism shifts toward oxidative pathways at ZT3, with notable alterations in glucose fate. These results establish HIF1α as an important regulator of time-of-day-specific metabolic adaptations, integrating circadian and energetic signals to optimize substrate utilization. This work highlights the broader significance of HIF1α in coordinating circadian influences on metabolic health and exercise performance.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 28
Published July 15, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (11)

A

Amy M. Ehrlich

Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen

K

Kirstin A. MacGregor

Integrative Physiology Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet

S

Stephen P. Ashcroft

Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen

L

Lewin Small

Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen

A

Ali Altıntaş

Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen

A

Alexander V. Chibalin

Integrative Physiology Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet

M

Matthias Anagho-Mattanovich

Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen

B

Ben Stocks

Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen

T

Thomas Moritz

Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen

J

Jonas T. Treebak

Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen

J

Juleen R. Zierath

Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen