Hepatic Encephalopathy and The Emerging Role of Medicinal Plants: An Integrative Approach to Neuro Metabolic Dysfunction

Abstract

A multifaceted neurological condition, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is complex that arises as a result of severe liver damage. Traditionally viewed as a reversible metabolic condition, recent findings highlight the part of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and disturbed blood-brain barrier in its progression. Current treatment approaches largely focus on ammonia reduction but fail to fully address underlying neuronal and inflammatory imbalances. Emerging evidence supports the use of medicinal plants with neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties as complementary therapies in HE. Various phytochemicals derived from plants like Moringa oleifera, Ashwagandha, and Berberine have demonstrated promising effects in animal models, improving cognitive function and reducing biochemical and histopathological damage. This review synthesizes current insights into HE pathophysiology and highlights the integrative role of plant-based interventions as a future therapeutic strategy.