Health behaviours and lifestyle challenges among school children: A qualitative research from Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for 74% of global deaths, significantly affecting children and adolescents, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Addressing risk factors such as smoking, poor diet and physical inactivity through school-based interventions is crucial for reducing NCD prevalence and improving long-term health outcomes among youth. Therefore, this study aims to explore school children’s lifestyle habits, identify barriers and assess facilitators for adopting a healthy lifestyle. Methods This study utilized qualitative research methodology (focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs)) to collect comprehensive insights from school children, teachers, parents, and school canteen staff. It was carried out in both rural and urban regions of Jodhpur district, Rajasthan, a western state of India with a purposive sample of 31 participants. Thematic analysis was performed using NVivo 14. Results Our study reveals that while participants have a basic understanding of NCDs, there is a significant gap in their knowledge of NCD-related health initiatives. Barriers to healthy lifestyles include limited access to recreational spaces, unhealthy food options, and socioeconomic factors. However, family and peer support and school initiatives are crucial in promoting healthy behaviours. Conclusion Bridging the gap between health knowledge and practice requires a holistic approach. Enhancing communication about health programs, improving access to recreational spaces, and implementing policies to regulate unhealthy foods are essential. Engaging families and educators and integrating health education into school curriculums will help promote healthier behaviours and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases.