Goblet cells dictate viral tropism and pathogenesis in nasal and intestinal mucosae

W Wenqian Wang (Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University) W Wenwen Chao (Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University) H Hui Zeng (Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM) R Rongfeng Tang (Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University) R Ruiling Liu (Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University) C Chengcheng Wang (State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering) X Xuan Wu (School of Chemistry and Materials Science) J Jiaxin Qi (Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University) Y Yunlei Cao (Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University) Y Yuchen Li Q Qian Yang

Abstract

Host determinants are critical for shaping the outcomes of viral mucosal infections and developing effective antiviral strategies. However, the regulatory roles of “nonsusceptible” mucosal cells remain unclear. Here, we show that while swine influenza and porcine epidemic diarrhea (PEDV) viruses infect piglet nasal and intestinal epithelia, each virus establishes efficient infection only in its preferred mucosal niche. Goblet cell activity significantly influences mucosal infection outcomes; increased mucus secretion effectively blocks viral entry, while its reduction facilitates viral dissemination. Notably, PEDV activates acetylcholine-cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 signaling in submucosal enteric neurons to induce goblet cell-associated antigen passages. This mechanism enables the translocation of intestinal bacteria to the lamina propria in early infection, even when the epithelial barrier remains intact, triggering inflammation and exacerbating mucosal damage. Our findings emphasize the crucial role of goblet cells in controlling viral tropism and their potential as targets for developing effective broad-spectrum antiviral approaches.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 41
Published October 14, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (11)

W

Wenqian Wang

Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University

W

Wenwen Chao

Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University

H

Hui Zeng

Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM

R

Rongfeng Tang

Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University

R

Ruiling Liu

Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University

C

Chengcheng Wang

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

X

Xuan Wu

School of Chemistry and Materials Science

J

Jiaxin Qi

Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University

Y

Yunlei Cao

Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University

Y

Yuchen Li

Q

Qian Yang