Global patterns of nutrient limitation in soil microorganisms

Y Yongxing Cui (Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University) S Shushi Peng M Matthias C. Rillig (Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin) T Tessa Camenzind (Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin) M Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo (Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superiorde Investigaciones Científicas,) C Cesar Terrer (Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.) X Xiaofeng Xu M Maoyuan Feng (Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University) M Mengjie Wang (Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University) L Linchuan Fang (Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology) B Biao Zhu (Institute of Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University) E Enzai Du D Daryl L. Moorhead (Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo) R Robert L. Sinsabaugh (Department of Biology, University of New Mexico) J Josep Peñuelas J James J. Elser (Flathead Lake Biological Station, Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana)

Abstract

The availability of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is essential for soil microbial activity and growth, yet global patterns of N and P limitation in soil microbial metabolism remain largely unknown. We modeled ecoenzyme stoichiometry data from 5,259 field observations of natural ecosystems to assess microbial N and P limitation in global surface soils. We found that microbial P limitation, which was especially strong at low latitudes, was more prevalent globally than microbial N limitation, which prevailed in cold environments. We also found widespread N and P colimitation in soil microorganisms in the tropics, contradicting the long-held paradigm that P, and not N, is the primary limiting nutrient at low latitudes. This colimitation could be attributable to elevated microbial N demand for the synthesis of P-acquiring enzymes under P limitation. Upscaling (0.1 × 0.1° spatial resolution) suggested that soil microorganisms were limited by N and P in 39% and 57%, respectively, of natural terrestrial surface areas, with 21% of areas with N and P colimitation. As a global assessment of spatial variation in microbial N and P limitation, our results highlight the importance of N availability in supporting microbial P acquisition at low latitudes and improve our understanding of microbial nutrient limitation on a global scale.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 20
Published May 20, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (16)

Y

Yongxing Cui

Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University

S

Shushi Peng

M

Matthias C. Rillig

Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin

T

Tessa Camenzind

Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin

M

Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo

Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superiorde Investigaciones Científicas,

C

Cesar Terrer

Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.

X

Xiaofeng Xu

M

Maoyuan Feng

Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University

M

Mengjie Wang

Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University

L

Linchuan Fang

Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology

B

Biao Zhu

Institute of Ecology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University

E

Enzai Du

D

Daryl L. Moorhead

Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo

R

Robert L. Sinsabaugh

Department of Biology, University of New Mexico

J

Josep Peñuelas

J

James J. Elser

Flathead Lake Biological Station, Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana