Global burden of non-Burkitt non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), 1990-2021.

Abstract

e19052 Background: Non Burkitt Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NB-NHL) are rare hematological malignancies associated with a poorer prognosis and reduced survival. In this study, we evaluated the trends in mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLL), and years lived with disability (YLDs) by using age-standardized data from the Global Burden of Disease cause of death or injury from years 1990-2021. Methods: We used age-standardized data and calculated the Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) through linear regression of time series data. This analysis was conducted at both global and country levels, along with 95% confidence intervals (CI), to assess trends in mortality, YLL, YLDs, and DALYs, focusing on the countries with the top four increasing and bottom four decreasing trends. Results: Globally, the burden of the NB-NHL showed diverse patterns across metrics. The DALY rate exhibited a slight global decline (AAPC: -0.82; 95% CI: -0.92 to -0.72). Top countries with increasing DALY rates include low-income counties like Cabo Verde (AAPC: 3.99; 95% CI: 3.89 to 4.09) and Lesotho (AAPC: 3.53), while countries like Kazakhstan (AAPC: -3.27) showed the steepest decrease. Death rate also declined globally (AAPC: -0.62; 95% CI: -0.72 to -0.52), with significant increases in countries such as Cabo Verde (AAPC: 4.40) and Lesotho, whereas Kazakhstan and Germany experienced decreases. YLDs and YLL, in contrast, exhibited a global rise with AAPC of 0.97 and 0.07 respectively. Rwanda and Belarus showed the highest increases in YLD and YLL rates, probably due to effective treatment contributing to improved survival but increasing the burden of long-term morbidity. Conclusions: While global mortality and DALYs associated with NHL are decreasing, a rising trend in YLDs and YLL signals a shift in disease impact from fatal outcomes to disability. Notably, African countries exhibit an increasing burden of NHL across all metrics, likely due to limited healthcare resources, late diagnosis, and poor access to treatment. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions in these low-income countries to address disparities in NHL outcomes globally. Metric Global AAPC (95% CI) Highest increase(AAPC 95% CI) Steepest declineAAPC (95% CI) DALYs -0.82 (-0.92 to -0.72) Carbo Verde3.99 (3.89 to 4.09)Lesotho3.53 (3.43 to 3.63)Zimbabwe3.12 (3.02 to 3.22) Kazakhstan-3.27 (-3.37 to -3.17)USA-2.83 (-2.93 to -2.73)Sweden-2.73 (-2.83 to -2.63) Deaths -0.62 (-0.72 to -0.52) Cabo Verde4.40 (4.30 to 4.50)Lesotho3.18 (3.08 to 3.28)Zimbabwe2.74 (2.64 to 2.84) Kazakhstan-2.75 (-2.85 to -2.65)Bermuda-2.23 (-2.33 to -2.13)Maldives-2.20 (-2.30 to -2.10) YLDs 0.97 (0.87 to 1.07) Cabo Verde5.88 (5.78 to 5.98)Belarus5.49 (5.39 to 5.59) Rwanda-1.56 (-1.66 to -1.46)Ghana-1.43 (-1.53 to -1.33) YLL 0.07 (-0.008 to 0.151) Lesotho1.94 (1.65 to 2.24)Mexico1.20 (0.60 to 1.80) Belarus-1.67 ( -2.10 to -1.24)Ukraine-1.85 (-2.34 to -1.36)