Global burden of lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancer across three decades: An age-adjusted GBD analysis.

Abstract

e18138 Background: Lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers (LOPC) are significant contributors to the global cancer burden, with notable disparities across regions. Despite advancements in prevention and treatment, global trends indicate a slight overall increase in age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR). In order to address the increasing incidence of these malignancies in susceptible areas and close the healthcare gap causing these disparities, our study highlights the critical need for targeted, region-specific strategies. Methods: The GBD 2021 study's data was analyzed for 204 countries and territories. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs), years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were the metrics used. Average annual percent changes (AAPC) values were calculated using linear regression to assess temporal trends. Results: With a global annual percentage change (AAPC) of 0.42(95%CI: 1.25 to -0.42), the global age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for lip, oral, and pharyngeal malignancies shows a small increase overall. Cabo Verde (AAPC 8.52), Northern Mariana Islands (AAPC 4.37), and American Samoa (AAPC = 4.15) are the countries with the steepest increase. Nonetheless, Ghana (AAPC = -4.08), Afghanistan (AAPC = -2.84), and France (AAPC = -1.76) are among the countries with a declining pattern. With an AAPC of 0.16 and 0.14, the global DALY and YLL rates showed an increasing trend. The countries with the largest rises were Cabo Verde (DALY: 8.814, YLL: 8.805), American Samoa (DALY: 3.863, YLL: 3.860), while Ghana (DALY-4.263, YLL: -4.268), Afghanistan (DALY: -2.354, YLL: -2.3543) and France (DALY -2.284, YLL: -2.284) recorded the greatest decline. With an AAPC of 1.43, the global YLDs showed an increasing trend; the countries with the greatest increases were Cabo Verde (9.39), the Republic of Korea (4.91), Romania (4.16), and Albania (4.11), while Ghana (AAPC -3.84) and Afghanistan(AAPC -2.36) demonstrated improvement. Conclusions: Despite a minor increase in the worldwide burden of LOPC, regional differences highlight the necessity of focused treatments in high-burden nations. Regional discrepancies are particularly noticeable in African countries; for example, ASMR rates in Ghana and Cabo Verde vary significantly, presumably due to disparities in healthcare access and resource allocation. To lessen the increasing burden in areas that are already at risk, comprehensive policies that address modifiable risk factors, early diagnosis, and equitable access to healthcare are essential. ASMRs, DALYs, YLLs and YLDs for global burden of lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers (LOPC) between 1990 and 2021. Outcome Global AAPC(95% CI) P-value ASMRs 0.42(1.25to -0.40) 0.31 YLLs 0.14(0.88 to -0.59) 0.70 DALYs 0.16(0.91 to -0.57) 0.65 YLDs 1.43(2.59 to 0.29) 0.015