Global and Chinese epidemiologic study of polycystic ovary syndrome in women of childbearing age, 1990–2021, and projections to 2035: Based on the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to synthesize and analyze the burden of disease of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women of reproductive age globally and in China from 1990 to 2021. Methods The study utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database, which contains detailed epidemiologic information from 204 countries and territories. Incidence, prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were assessed. Bayesian age-period cohort modeling was applied to project trends in the burden of disease up to 2035. Results Global trend: the incidence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) increased slightly from 58.84/100,000 in 1990 to 60.30/100,000 in 2021. there was a significant increase in prevalence of 29.66% and an increase in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of 28.37%. Trends in China: Despite a slight decrease in prevalence (−1.96%), the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the number of DALYs in China increased substantially by 86.95% and 86.56%, respectively. Sociodemographic impact: Countries with higher sociodemographic indices tend to face a higher burden of PCOS. Future projections: BAPC model projections suggest that the prevalence of PCOS will continue to increase globally and in China through 2035. Conclusion These findings highlight the growing public health challenge posed by polycystic ovary syndrome and emphasize the need to strengthen early identification, health management, and lifestyle interventions, especially in areas with high SDI.