Glassy ionogels with high compressibility and strength for impact protection

J Jiayu Wang (Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University) S Shilong Zhang L Lingling Li (Instrumental Analysis Center) X Xiaoliang Wang (Department of Chemistry) J Jiaofeng Xiong (Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University) Q Qingning Li (Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University) W Weizheng Li (Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University) F Feng Yan (Materials Science and Engineering Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy)

Abstract

Solvents within gels enhance the mobility of polymer chain segments while concurrently diminishing interchain interactions, thereby facilitating the ductility of glassy polymers at the cost of their mechanical strength. Here, we develop a solvent toughening strategy for the preparation of highly compressible and high-strength ionogels in the glassy state. This approach leverages the synergistic effects of the slow dissociation-shift kinetics of solvent ionic liquids and polymer crystallization. Ionogels exhibit an ultimate compressive stress of 2.3 GPa (at 98% compressive strain), toughness of 1219.3 MJ m −3 , and energy dissipation rate of 81.9% (at 70% compression strain). The highly interacting ionic bonds of solvent and the fast crystallization of polymers under load toughen the ionogels and confer impact hardening and efficient energy dissipation behavior under fast impact. A 500-μm-thick ionogel coating can protect fragile items, such as glass, from impact damage. Ionogels, renowned for their impact resistance, hold promise for various applications across industries including human body implants, equipment, transportation, and aerospace.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 15
Published April 15, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (8)

J

Jiayu Wang

Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University

S

Shilong Zhang

L

Lingling Li

Instrumental Analysis Center

X

Xiaoliang Wang

Department of Chemistry

J

Jiaofeng Xiong

Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University

Q

Qingning Li

Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University

W

Weizheng Li

Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University

F

Feng Yan

Materials Science and Engineering Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy