Genomic profiling for decision-making in post–polycythemia vera and post–essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis

B Barbara Mora (1Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy) F Francesca Palandri (2Seragnoli Hematology Institute, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy) P Paola Guglielmelli (3Center for Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy) A Andrew T. Kuykendall (4Malignant Hematology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL) M Margherita Maffioli (5Hematology, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy) A Alessandra Iurlo (1Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy) V Valerio De Stefano (6Section of Hematology, Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy) S Silvia Salmoiraghi (7FROM Research Foundation, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy) T Timothy Devos (8Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology (Rega Institute), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium) F Federico Itri (9SCDU Internal Medicine with Haematological Focus, Onco-Haematological DH, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Italy) F Francisco Cervantes (10Hematology Department, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain) J Jean-Jacques Kiladjian M Matteo G. Della Porta F Francesco Albano (14Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy) J Jason Gotlib (15Division of Hematology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA) G Giulia Benevolo (16Hematology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza of di Torino, Turin, Italy) M Marianna Caramella (17Hematology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy) M Marco Ruggeri E Elisa Rumi (19Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy) D David M. Ross (21Haematology Directorate, SA Pathology, Royal Adelaide Hospital and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia) C Chiara Pessina (22SSD Specialized Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy) I Ilaria Colugnat (22SSD Specialized Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy) F Francesco Orsini (22SSD Specialized Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy) G Giorgia Micucci (23Hematology Unit, Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori “Dino Amadori” IRCCS, Meldola, Italy) G Giada Rotunno (3Center for Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy) R Rami S. Komrokji (H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States) D Daniele Cattaneo (1Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy) P Patrizia Chiusolo (6Section of Hematology, Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy) M Marta Bortolotti (1Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy) T Tiziano Barbui (7FROM Research Foundation, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy) D Daniela Cilloni (24Hematology Division, Mauriziano Hospital, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy) M Massimo Breccia (25Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy) G Giuseppe A. Palumbo (26Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate “G.F. Ingrassia,” University of Catania, Catania, Italy) F Filippo Branzanti (27Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy) L Ludovica Margotto (28Laboratory of Healthcare Research & Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy) M Matteo Franchi (28Laboratory of Healthcare Research & Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy) A Alessandro M. Vannucchi (3Center for Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy) F Francesco Passamonti (University of Milan, Milan)

Abstract

Abstract Secondary myelofibrosis (SMF) represents a late stage of polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET), with overall survival (OS) currently defined by the myelofibrosis secondary to PV and ET prognostic model (MYSEC-PM). To identify additional myeloid neoplasm–associated cancer gene variants (CGVs) associated with SMF outcome, we evaluated next-generation sequencing panel testing in 644 patients within the MYSEC cohort. Overall, 429 (66.6%) patients reported at least 1 CGV, with ASXL1, TET2, and DNMT3A being the most frequently involved. Specific molecular profiles affected OS (P< .001): U2AF1, TP53, or SRSF2 variants (UTS; 9.3%; median OS, 4.1 years) and ASXL1 without UTS (25.3%; median OS, 8.4 years). By integrating these genetic signatures within the MYSEC-PM through penalized Cox regressions, we identified the following independent predictors (P< .0001 to .02): hemoglobin level <11 g/dL (1 point), circulating blasts ≥3% (2 points), platelet count <150 × 109/L (2 points), age (0.21 points/y), ASXL1 without UTS mutations (1 point), and any UTS mutations (3 points). Finally, we developed the MYSEC-molecular prognostic model (MYSEC-mPM) allocating 582 patients with SMF into 4 categories with different OS (P < .001): low (median OS, 18.0 years; score <14), intermediate-1 (8.8. years; score, 14-16), intermediate-2 (4.6 years; score, 17-18), and high risk (1.9 years; score ≥19). Additionally, in 381 patients with SMF and available cytogenetics, the MYSEC-mPM was implemented with complex/monosomal karyotype, generating the karyotype-enhanced MYSEC-kmPM. Our study shows that genomic and cytogenetic profiling improves survival prediction in SMF, outperforming the MYSEC-PM.

Article Details

Journal Blood
Volume / Issue Vol. 148, Issue 1
Published July 02, 2026
Pages 43-57
ISSN 0006-4971
Publisher Elsevier BV

Journal Info

Blood

Elsevier BV

ISSN: 0006-4971 Health Sciences

Authors (38)

B

Barbara Mora

1Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

F

Francesca Palandri

2Seragnoli Hematology Institute, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

P

Paola Guglielmelli

3Center for Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

A

Andrew T. Kuykendall

4Malignant Hematology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL

M

Margherita Maffioli

5Hematology, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy

A

Alessandra Iurlo

1Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

V

Valerio De Stefano

6Section of Hematology, Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

S

Silvia Salmoiraghi

7FROM Research Foundation, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy

T

Timothy Devos

8Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology (Rega Institute), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

F

Federico Itri

9SCDU Internal Medicine with Haematological Focus, Onco-Haematological DH, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Italy

F

Francisco Cervantes

10Hematology Department, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

J

Jean-Jacques Kiladjian

M

Matteo G. Della Porta

F

Francesco Albano

14Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy

J

Jason Gotlib

15Division of Hematology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA

G

Giulia Benevolo

16Hematology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza of di Torino, Turin, Italy

M

Marianna Caramella

17Hematology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy

M

Marco Ruggeri

E

Elisa Rumi

19Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

D

David M. Ross

21Haematology Directorate, SA Pathology, Royal Adelaide Hospital and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia

C

Chiara Pessina

22SSD Specialized Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy

I

Ilaria Colugnat

22SSD Specialized Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy

F

Francesco Orsini

22SSD Specialized Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy

G

Giorgia Micucci

23Hematology Unit, Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori “Dino Amadori” IRCCS, Meldola, Italy

G

Giada Rotunno

3Center for Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

R

Rami S. Komrokji

H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States

D

Daniele Cattaneo

1Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

P

Patrizia Chiusolo

6Section of Hematology, Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

M

Marta Bortolotti

1Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

T

Tiziano Barbui

7FROM Research Foundation, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy

D

Daniela Cilloni

24Hematology Division, Mauriziano Hospital, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

M

Massimo Breccia

25Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy

G

Giuseppe A. Palumbo

26Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate “G.F. Ingrassia,” University of Catania, Catania, Italy

F

Filippo Branzanti

27Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

L

Ludovica Margotto

28Laboratory of Healthcare Research & Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

M

Matteo Franchi

28Laboratory of Healthcare Research & Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

A

Alessandro M. Vannucchi

3Center for Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

F

Francesco Passamonti

University of Milan, Milan