Final Efficacy and Safety Data From the Phase I/II ARROW Study of Pralsetinib in Patients With Advanced <i>RET</i> Fusion–Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

B Benjamin Besse V Vivek Subbiah G Giuseppe Curigliano D Daniel W. Bowles (University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO) R Robert C. Doebele (Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO) A Aaron S. Mansfield C Christina S. Baik (Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle) G Gilberto de Lima Lopes (Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami and the Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA) L Luis Paz-Ares (Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid) M Matthew H. Taylor (Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR) D Daniel S.W. Tan (Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore) G Guzman Alonso S Shirish M. Gadgeel (Division of Hematology-Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit) G Gregory P. Kalemkerian (Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI) S Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou (University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange) A Anthonie J. van der Wekken (Department of Pulmonology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands) C Carlos R. Becerra (Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Newport Beach, CA) M Makenzi Evangelist (New York Oncology Hematology, Albany, NY) F Frank Griesinger (Department of Hematology and Oncology, Pius Hospital, University Medicine Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany) S Stephen V. Liu (Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC) Y Yanyan Lou J Julien Mazières (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France) J Jason M. Melear (Texas Oncology PA, Austin, TX) M Mohit Narang A Ashish Saxena M Michael Thomas S Sophia Wang (Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Los Angeles) A Amber Thomassen (11Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, United States) D Dae Ho Lee D Dong-Wan Kim (School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea) J Justin F. Gainor

Abstract

RET fusions appear in 1%-2% of non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). The results from the ARROW study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03037385 ) supported US Food and Drug Administration approval of pralsetinib, an oral selective RET inhibitor, for metastatic RET -altered NSCLC and RET fusion–positive thyroid cancers. ARROW was a phase I/II open-label study of pralsetinib 400 mg once daily in RET fusion–positive NSCLCs. Coprimary end points were overall response rate (ORR) and safety. Key secondary end points included duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival (OS). At data lock (May 20, 2024), 281 patients initiated pralsetinib (median treatment duration, 15.0 months). ORR (measurable disease patients; n = 259) was 78% (95% CI, 69 to 86) for treatment-naïve patients and 63% (95% CI, 54 to 71) for prior platinum-based chemotherapy patients. Median OS was 44.3 months (95% CI, 30.9 to 53.1), 50.1 months (95% CI, 28.3 to not reached) in treatment-naïve patients, and 39.7 months (95% CI, 27.8 to 53.2) in prior platinum patients. Common grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events were anemia (21%), hypertension (15%), and decreased neutrophils (13%). Three treatment-related deaths occurred (pneumonia, n = 2; interstitial lung disease and rhabdomyolysis, n = 1 each). Safety was consistent with previous ARROW reports; no hypersensitivity was reported in patients receiving prior immunotherapies. Pralsetinib produced robust, durable responses with manageable safety in treatment-naïve and previously treated patients with RET fusion–positive NSCLCs, confirming previous findings with longer follow-up.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 44, Issue 13
Published May 01, 2026
Pages 1190-1197
ISSN 0732-183X
Publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Journal Info

Journal of Clinical Oncology

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

ISSN: 0732-183X Health Sciences

Authors (31)

B

Benjamin Besse

V

Vivek Subbiah

G

Giuseppe Curigliano

D

Daniel W. Bowles

University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO

R

Robert C. Doebele

Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO

A

Aaron S. Mansfield

C

Christina S. Baik

Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle

G

Gilberto de Lima Lopes

Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami and the Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida USA

L

Luis Paz-Ares

Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid

M

Matthew H. Taylor

Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR

D

Daniel S.W. Tan

Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore and Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

G

Guzman Alonso

S

Shirish M. Gadgeel

Division of Hematology-Oncology, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit

G

Gregory P. Kalemkerian

Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

S

Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou

University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange

A

Anthonie J. van der Wekken

Department of Pulmonology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

C

Carlos R. Becerra

Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Newport Beach, CA

M

Makenzi Evangelist

New York Oncology Hematology, Albany, NY

F

Frank Griesinger

Department of Hematology and Oncology, Pius Hospital, University Medicine Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany

S

Stephen V. Liu

Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC

Y

Yanyan Lou

J

Julien Mazières

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France

J

Jason M. Melear

Texas Oncology PA, Austin, TX

M

Mohit Narang

A

Ashish Saxena

M

Michael Thomas

S

Sophia Wang

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Los Angeles

A

Amber Thomassen

11Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, United States

D

Dae Ho Lee

D

Dong-Wan Kim

School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea

J

Justin F. Gainor