FFO-based controller for 3-phase inverter to reduce power quality problems in PV-integrated microgrid system

Abstract

Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) are extensively utilized in the energy sector to meet the present energy demand. As a result of the excessive use of allotted resources, converters must be used numerous times to synchronize the power grid, resulting in low-quality power. The uncertainties resulting from the integration of multiple energy sources were reflected by the distribution system. As microgrids (MGs) transition, the main Power Quality (PQ) issues like voltage unbalancing, voltage swell/sag, poor power factor, power transients appear and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Numerous researches studies were going on for reducing PQ issues as well as improving the system reliability under all circumstances, but those models have some impact for attaining a good power flow at the end users. In this study, a microgrid including PVs, wind turbines, and batteries was constructed as a Distributed Energy Resource (DER). To address the aforementioned PQ difficulties, a unique regulating system has been proposed to manage the power flows. The input of the proposed optimal controller was considered as dc voltage, coupling voltage and load current, based on these values, the controller generated a pulse signal of a three-phase inverter to decrease the power supply from PV and wind to maintain a constant frequency and power factor. The optimal problem of the proposed controller was solved through the use of Fennec Fox Optimization (FFO). The performance of the FFO-based controller was analyzed under various PQ issue conditions. The suggested controller’s functionality was verified by expanding the microgrid to create a large, three-phase structure. The realistic microgrid’s feasibility is verified by the inclusion of demand response, line impedance, and off-nominal scenarios. The proposed model offers 2.2% THD, 50 Hz, 0.8 power factor at a simple microgrid. The proposed model provides well-mitigated performance in any circumstance with a constant frequency and power factor.