Femtosecond x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy enables direct observations of atomic-scale relaxations of glass forming liquids

T Tomoki Fujita (Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University 1 , 8000 Aarhus,) Y Yanwen Sun (Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory) H Haoyuan Li (Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Friedman Brain Institute) T Thies J. Albert (Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen 4 , Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg,) S Sanghoon Song (Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States) T Takahiro Sato (Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States) J Jens Moesgaard (Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University 1 , 8000 Aarhus,) A Antoine Cornet (Institut Néel, CNRS 5 , 38042 Grenoble,) P Peihao Sun Y Ying Chen M Mianzhen Mo (Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2 , Menlo Park, California 94025,) N Narges Amini (Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University 1 , 8000 Aarhus,) F Fan Yang P Pierre Lucas V Vincent Esposito (Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2 , Menlo Park, California 94025,) J Joan Vila-Comamala N Nan Wang T Talgat Mamyrbayev (Paul Scherrer Institute) C Christian David (Paul Scherrer Institute) J Jerome Hastings B Beatrice Ruta (Institut Néel, CNRS 5 , 38042 Grenoble,) P Paul Fuoss (Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2 , Menlo Park, California 94025,) K Klaus Sokolowski-Tinten (Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen 4 , Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg,) D Diling Zhu (Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory) S Shuai Wei

Abstract

Glass-forming liquids exhibit structural relaxation behaviors, reflecting underlying atomic rearrangements on a wide range of timescales and playing a crucial role in determining material properties. However, the relaxation processes on the atomic scale are not well-understood due to the experimental difficulties in directly characterizing the evolving correlations of atomic-scale order in disordered systems. Here, we harness the coherence and ultrashort pulse characteristics of an x-ray free electron laser to directly probe atomic-scale ultrafast relaxation dynamics in the model system Ge15Te85. We demonstrate an analysis strategy for determining the intermediate scattering function by extracting the contrast decay of summed scattering patterns from two rapidly successive, nearly identical femtosecond x-ray pulses generated by a split-delay system. The result indicates a full decorrelation of atomic-scale order on the sub-picosecond timescale, supporting the argument for a high-fluidity fragile state of liquid Ge15Te85 above its dynamic crossover temperature. The demonstrated strategy opens an avenue for experimental studies of relaxation dynamics in liquids, glasses, and other highly disordered systems.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 162, Issue 19
Published May 21, 2025
ISSN 0021-9606
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

The Journal of Chemical Physics

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0021-9606 Physical Sciences

Authors (25)

T

Tomoki Fujita

Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University 1 , 8000 Aarhus,

Y

Yanwen Sun

Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

H

Haoyuan Li

Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Friedman Brain Institute

T

Thies J. Albert

Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen 4 , Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg,

S

Sanghoon Song

Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States

T

Takahiro Sato

Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States

J

Jens Moesgaard

Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University 1 , 8000 Aarhus,

A

Antoine Cornet

Institut Néel, CNRS 5 , 38042 Grenoble,

P

Peihao Sun

Y

Ying Chen

M

Mianzhen Mo

Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2 , Menlo Park, California 94025,

N

Narges Amini

Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University 1 , 8000 Aarhus,

F

Fan Yang

P

Pierre Lucas

V

Vincent Esposito

Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2 , Menlo Park, California 94025,

J

Joan Vila-Comamala

N

Nan Wang

T

Talgat Mamyrbayev

Paul Scherrer Institute

C

Christian David

Paul Scherrer Institute

J

Jerome Hastings

B

Beatrice Ruta

Institut Néel, CNRS 5 , 38042 Grenoble,

P

Paul Fuoss

Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2 , Menlo Park, California 94025,

K

Klaus Sokolowski-Tinten

Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen 4 , Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg,

D

Diling Zhu

Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

S

Shuai Wei