Journal of Applied Physics

Femtosecond temperature measurements of laser-shocked copper deduced from the intensity of the x-ray thermal diffuse scattering

J J. S. Wark D D. J. Peake T T. Stevens (Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford 1 , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU,) P P. G. Heighway Y Y. Ping (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 2 , Livermore, California 94550,) P P. Sterne (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 2 , Livermore, California 94550,) B B. Albertazzi S S. J. Ali L L. Antonelli M M. R. Armstrong (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 3 , Livermore, California 94550,) C C. Baehtz O O. B. Ball S S. Banerjee A A. B. Belonoshko C C. A. Bolme V V. Bouffetier R R. Briggs K K. Buakor T T. Butcher S S. Di Dio Cafiso V V. Cerantola J J. Chantel A A. Di Cicco A A. L. Coleman J J. Collier G G. Collins (Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE), University of Rochester 14 , 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299,) A A. J. Comley F F. Coppari (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 3 , Livermore, California 94550,) T T. E. Cowan G G. Cristoforetti H H. Cynn A A. Descamps F F. Dorchies M M. J. Duff A A. Dwivedi C C. Edwards J J. H. Eggert D D. Errandonea G G. Fiquet (Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Insitut de Minéralogie, de Physique, des Matériaux, et de Cosmochinie, IMPMC 20 , Paris 75005,) E E. Galtier A A. Laso Garcia H H. Ginestet L L. Gizzi A A. Gleason S S. Goede (European XFEL 10 , Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld,) J J. M. Gonzalez M M. G. Gorman M M. Harmand N N. Hartley (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 21 , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025,) C C. Hernandez-Gomez A A. Higginbotham H H. Höppner O O. S. Humphries R R. J. Husband T T. M. Hutchinson H H. Hwang D D. A. Keen J J. Kim P P. Koester Z Z. Konôpková D D. Kraus A A. Krygier L L. Labate A A. E. Lazicki Y Y. Lee H H.-P. Liermann P P. Mason M M. Masruri B B. Massani E E. E. McBride C C. McGuire J J. D. McHardy D D. McGonegle R R. S. McWilliams S S. Merkel G G. Morard B B. Nagler M M. Nakatsutsumi K K. Nguyen-Cong A A.-M. Norton I I. I. Oleynik C C. Otzen N N. Ozaki S S. Pandolfi A A. Pelka K K. A. Pereira J J. P. Phillips C C. Prescher T T. R. Preston L L. Randolph D D. Ranjan A A. Ravasio R R. Redmer J J. Rips D D. Santamaria-Perez D D. J. Savage M M. Schoelmerich (Paul Scherrer Institut 34 , Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen,) J J.-P. Schwinkendorf S S. Singh J J. Smith R R. F. Smith A A. Sollier J J. Spear C C. Spindloe M M. Stevenson (Universität Rostock, Institut für Physik 28 , D-18051 Rostock,) C C. Strohm T T.-A. Suer M M. Tang M M. Toncian T T. Toncian S S. J. Tracy A A. Trapananti T T. Tschentscher (European XFEL 10 , Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld,) M M. Tyldesley C C. E. Vennari T T. Vinci S S. C. Vogel T T. J. Volz J J. Vorberger J J. T. Willman L L. Wollenweber U U. Zastrau E E. Brambrink K K. Appel M M. I. McMahon

Abstract

We present 50-fs, single-shot measurements of the x-ray thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) from copper foils that have been shocked via nanosecond laser ablation up to pressures above ∼135 GPa. We hence deduce the x-ray Debye–Waller factor, providing a temperature measurement. The targets were laser-shocked with the DiPOLE 100-X laser at the High Energy Density endstation of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser. Single x-ray pulses, with a photon energy of 18 keV, were scattered from the samples and recorded on Varex detectors. Despite the targets being highly textured (as evinced by large variations in the elastic scattering) and with such texture changing upon compression, the absolute intensity of the azimuthally averaged inelastic TDS between the Bragg peaks is largely insensitive to these changes, and allowing for both Compton scattering and the low-level scattering from a sacrificial ablator layer provides a reliable measurement of T/ΘD2, where ΘD is the Debye temperature. We compare our results with the predictions of the SESAME 3336 and LEOS 290 equations of state for copper and find good agreement within experimental errors. We, thus, demonstrate that single-shot temperature measurements of dynamically compressed materials can be made via thermal diffuse scattering of XFEL radiation.

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Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 137, Issue 15
Published April 21, 2025
ISSN 0021-8979
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Journal of Applied Physics

American Institute of Physics
ISSN: 0021-8979 Physical Sciences

Authors (125)

J

J. S. Wark

D

D. J. Peake

T

T. Stevens

Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford 1 , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU,

P

P. G. Heighway

Y

Y. Ping

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 2 , Livermore, California 94550,

P

P. Sterne

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 2 , Livermore, California 94550,

B

B. Albertazzi

S

S. J. Ali

L

L. Antonelli

M

M. R. Armstrong

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 3 , Livermore, California 94550,

C

C. Baehtz

O

O. B. Ball

S

S. Banerjee

A

A. B. Belonoshko

C

C. A. Bolme

V

V. Bouffetier

R

R. Briggs

K

K. Buakor

T

T. Butcher

S

S. Di Dio Cafiso

V

V. Cerantola

J

J. Chantel

A

A. Di Cicco

A

A. L. Coleman

J

J. Collier

G

G. Collins

Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE), University of Rochester 14 , 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299,

A

A. J. Comley

F

F. Coppari

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 3 , Livermore, California 94550,

T

T. E. Cowan

G

G. Cristoforetti

H

H. Cynn

A

A. Descamps

F

F. Dorchies

M

M. J. Duff

A

A. Dwivedi

C

C. Edwards

J

J. H. Eggert

D

D. Errandonea

G

G. Fiquet

Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Insitut de Minéralogie, de Physique, des Matériaux, et de Cosmochinie, IMPMC 20 , Paris 75005,

E

E. Galtier

A

A. Laso Garcia

H

H. Ginestet

L

L. Gizzi

A

A. Gleason

S

S. Goede

European XFEL 10 , Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld,

J

J. M. Gonzalez

M

M. G. Gorman

M

M. Harmand

N

N. Hartley

SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 21 , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025,

C

C. Hernandez-Gomez

A

A. Higginbotham

H

H. Höppner

O

O. S. Humphries

R

R. J. Husband

T

T. M. Hutchinson

H

H. Hwang

D

D. A. Keen

J

J. Kim

P

P. Koester

Z

Z. Konôpková

D

D. Kraus

A

A. Krygier

L

L. Labate

A

A. E. Lazicki

Y

Y. Lee

H

H.-P. Liermann

P

P. Mason

M

M. Masruri

B

B. Massani

E

E. E. McBride

C

C. McGuire

J

J. D. McHardy

D

D. McGonegle

R

R. S. McWilliams

S

S. Merkel

G

G. Morard

B

B. Nagler

M

M. Nakatsutsumi

K

K. Nguyen-Cong

A

A.-M. Norton

I

I. I. Oleynik

C

C. Otzen

N

N. Ozaki

S

S. Pandolfi

A

A. Pelka

K

K. A. Pereira

J

J. P. Phillips

C

C. Prescher

T

T. R. Preston

L

L. Randolph

D

D. Ranjan

A

A. Ravasio

R

R. Redmer

J

J. Rips

D

D. Santamaria-Perez

D

D. J. Savage

M

M. Schoelmerich

Paul Scherrer Institut 34 , Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen,

J

J.-P. Schwinkendorf

S

S. Singh

J

J. Smith

R

R. F. Smith

A

A. Sollier

J

J. Spear

C

C. Spindloe

M

M. Stevenson

Universität Rostock, Institut für Physik 28 , D-18051 Rostock,

C

C. Strohm

T

T.-A. Suer

M

M. Tang

M

M. Toncian

T

T. Toncian

S

S. J. Tracy

A

A. Trapananti

T

T. Tschentscher

European XFEL 10 , Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld,

M

M. Tyldesley

C

C. E. Vennari

T

T. Vinci

S

S. C. Vogel

T

T. J. Volz

J

J. Vorberger

J

J. T. Willman

L

L. Wollenweber

U

U. Zastrau

E

E. Brambrink

K

K. Appel

M

M. I. McMahon

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