Fast and Autonomous Mannosylated Nanomotors for Dynamic Cancer Cell Targeting
Abstract
AbstractAn attractive strategy in cancer cell therapy is to employ motile nanoparticles that can actively search for their target. Herein, we introduce mannosylated compartmentalized cross‐linked enzyme‐driven nanomotors (c‐CLEnM), which exhibit specific and efficient targeting of Hep G2 cells through elevated autonomous motion. In this design, we constructed biodegradable bowl‐shaped stomatocytes encapsulating the enzymes glucose oxidase (GOx) and catalase (CAT) within their nanocavity. A subsequent enzyme crosslinking reaction was performed to guarantee their stability. Furthermore, the c‐CLEnM were surface modified with a mannose‐functional glycopolymer, enabling binding with receptors expressed on Hep G2 cells. Interestingly, the targeting ligands on the nanomotors not only improved their specificity toward cancer cells but also enhanced motility. Compared to the non‐mannosylated nanomotors, mannosylated c‐CLEnM exhibited enhanced motion and higher targeting efficiency to cells in glucose‐containing ionic environments. The unexpected acceleration in speed resulted from the surface modification of these nanomotors with a glycopolymer layer, which increased the zeta potential and created a shielding effect that mitigated the influence of the surrounding ions. This nanomotor design highlights the synergistic effect of functional glycopolymer modification on cellular uptake, adding an additional level of control to nanomotors for application in cancer therapy.
Article Details
Authors (13)
Yuechi Liu
Bio‐Organic Chemistry Institute of Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Helix, P. O. Box 513 Eindhoven 5600 MB the Netherlands
Roberto Terracciano
Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
Jari Scheerstra
Bio‐Organic Chemistry Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering & Chemistry Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven the Netherlands
Gokhan Yilmaz
Department of Chemistry
Hanglong Wu
Pascal Welzen
Bio‐Organic Chemistry Institute of Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Helix, P. O. Box 513 Eindhoven 5600 MB the Netherlands
Shoupeng Cao
College of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials
Tania Patiño Padial
Bio-Organic Chemistry, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
Loai Abdelmohsen
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Helix, P. O. Box 513 Eindhoven 5600 MB The Netherlands
Jingxin Shao
Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS)
Bingbing Sun
Bio-Organic Chemistry, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
C. Remzi Becer
Department of Chemistry
Jan C. M. van Hest
Bio-Organic Chemistry, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems