Exploring barriers and facilitators to physical activity among children in Saudi Arabian schools: A qualitative study

Abstract

Background The growing global burden of noncommunicable diseases, exacerbated by insufficient physical activity (PA), contributes to a range of adverse physical, mental, and social health outcomes. This is a significant concern in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), where cultural and environmental factors further limit opportunities for PA, particularly among schoolchildren in urban areas. Aim This study explores the challenges and opportunities related to school-based PA to inform future interventions targeting schoolboys aged 13–15 years in KSA. Methods Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 16 school staff members, seven parents and workshops involving 37 male students from two contrasting schools (one private and one public), in Jeddah City, KSA. All participants were recruited via purposive sampling. Follow-up interviews were conducted with a total of nine school staff members at both schools. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify key patterns and insights. Results This study found that PA among students was influenced by multiple factors. Individual-level motivators included enjoyment, competition, and perceived health benefits, while barriers included academic pressures and sedentary preferences. Interpersonal influences involved varying levels of support from parents, peers, and teachers. School-related factors such as the physical environment, facilities, and institutional policies also shaped PA availability. At the community-level, participants highlighted the potential for interventions that adapt international programmes to the local context. Conclusion This study underscores the need for a multi-dimensional approach to promoting PA among adolescents in Jeddah. Stakeholders should consider piloting and adapting proven international interventions, addressing disparities in school resources, increasing the time allocated for PA within the curriculum, and raising parental awareness about the importance of PA. These steps are essential to creating a supportive environment that fosters improved public health and youth well-being in KSA.