Evolving global burden and trend of cervical cancer in G20 countries: Age, sex, regional disparities from 1990-2021.

Abstract

5541 Background: Cervical Cancer (CC) is the 6 th leading cause of death and 4 th leading cause of disability amongst all cancer in G20 countries. The G20 nations, which represent about 85% of the global GDP, hold a pivotal role in shaping the world's economic and health landscapes. This economic dominance underscores the substantial impact that public health issues, like CC, can have not only on individual countries but on global stability and productivity. Methods: We estimated the incidence, prevalence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) attributed to CC across the G20 countries from 1990 - 2021, disaggregated by age, sex, year, and location, using the standardized methodology of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Non-fatal health outcomes were modeled using DISMOD MR 2.1, a machine learning tool, while fatal health outcomes were assessed using the Cause of Death Ensemble Model (CODEm). The results are reported as absolute counts and age-standardized rates per 100,000 population. Results: The total prevalence count of cervical cancer increased from 1.3 (95% uncertainty interval: 1.2–1.3) million in 1990 to 2.2 (2.0–2.5 ) million in 2021. Deaths rose from 140,740 (128,861–152,835) to 183,343 (166,174–200,956), while disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) increased from 4.8 (4.4–5.2 ) million to 5.9 (5.3–6.4 ) million during the same period. The highest annual percentage change (APC) in the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was observed in Italy (1.59%), followed by South Africa (1.14%), China (0.43%), Argentina (0.3%), Bulgaria (0.2%), and Canada (0.1%). In contrast, the majority of countries, including the United States, experienced a decline in ASIR, with the United States showing a 1.5% reduction from 1990 to 2021. For age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), South Africa (1.12%) and Italy (0.47%) demonstrated an increase in APC, while all other countries observed a decline. Age-wise analysis revealed that for the 20–54 age group, APC in incidence increased by 1.12%, while for the 55+ age group, it rose by 1.77%. In terms of mortality, the 20–54 age group recorded a 0.26% increase in APC, and the 55+ age group experienced a 1.25% increase. Regarding DALYs, APC for the 20–54 age group increased by 1.4%, while the 55+ age group saw a rise of 2.15% from 1990 to 2021. Conclusions: Death due to Cervical Cancer accounted for 2.35% of all cancer causalities in 2021. Study findings underscore the need for urgent public health interventions. Disparities in incidence and mortality trends reflect unequal access to healthcare, screening, and HPV vaccination. The higher APC in older age groups (55+ years) highlight the importance of targeted healthcare access, while modest increases among younger populations (20–54 years) emphasize sustaining vaccination and screening efforts.