Estrogen-related receptor gene expression associates with sex differences in cortical atrophy in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder

M Marie Filiatrault V Violette Ayral C Christina Tremblay C Celine Haddad V Véronique Daneault A Alexandre Pastor-Bernier J Jean-François Gagnon R Ronald B. Postuma P Petr Dušek S Stanislav Mareček Z Zsoka Varga J Johannes C. Klein M Michele T. Hu I Isabelle Arnulf (Sleep Disorder Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris) P Pauline Dodet M Marie Vidailhet J Jean-Christophe Corvol S Steering committee C Clinical data S Sleep assessment G Genetic data B Brain MRI data S Stéphane Lehéricy S Simon Lewis E Elie Matar K Kaylena A. Ehgoetz Martens L Lachlan Churchill P Per Borghammer K Karoline Knudsen A Allan K. Hansen D Dario Arnaldi B Beatrice Orso P Pietro Mattioli L Luca Roccatagliata S Shady Rahayel

Abstract

Abstract Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder, characterized by dream-enacting movements during REM sleep, is a male-predominant parasomnia and the strongest prodromal marker of synucleinopathies. Individuals with this disorder show cortical atrophy whose regional distribution covaries with gene expression patterns measured in the healthy human brain. However, the effect of sex on these brain changes remains unknown. The study objective is to comprehensively assess sex differences in cortical morphology and to characterize the healthy-brain gene expression correlates of brain abnormalities using the largest international multicentric MRI dataset of polysomnography-confirmed patients. Males have significantly more extensive and severe cortical thinning compared to females, despite similar age and clinical features. Imaging transcriptomics analyses indicate that regions affected in female patients map onto areas with higher expression of estrogen-related receptor genes, particularly ESRRG and ESRRA, in the healthy brain. These findings support  potential sex-specific neuroprotection in the prodromal stages of synucleinopathies and may inform personalized and targeted therapeutic strategies.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 16, Issue 1
Published October 10, 2025
ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher Nature Portfolio

Journal Info

Nature Communications

Nature Portfolio

ISSN: 2041-1723 Open Access Life Sciences

Authors (35)

M

Marie Filiatrault

V

Violette Ayral

C

Christina Tremblay

C

Celine Haddad

V

Véronique Daneault

A

Alexandre Pastor-Bernier

J

Jean-François Gagnon

R

Ronald B. Postuma

P

Petr Dušek

S

Stanislav Mareček

Z

Zsoka Varga

J

Johannes C. Klein

M

Michele T. Hu

I

Isabelle Arnulf

Sleep Disorder Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris

P

Pauline Dodet

M

Marie Vidailhet

J

Jean-Christophe Corvol

S

Steering committee

C

Clinical data

S

Sleep assessment

G

Genetic data

B

Brain MRI data

S

Stéphane Lehéricy

S

Simon Lewis

E

Elie Matar

K

Kaylena A. Ehgoetz Martens

L

Lachlan Churchill

P

Per Borghammer

K

Karoline Knudsen

A

Allan K. Hansen

D

Dario Arnaldi

B

Beatrice Orso

P

Pietro Mattioli

L

Luca Roccatagliata

S

Shady Rahayel