Establishing and validating syndromic surveillance of gastrointestinal infections using routine emergency department data, Germany, 2019–2023

J Jonathan Hans Josef Baum A Achim Dörre T Tamara Sonia Boender K Katharina Heldt H Hendrik Wilking S Susanne Drynda B Bernadett Erdmann R Rupert Grashey C Caroline Grupp K Kirsten Habbinga E Eckard Hamelmann A Amrei Heining H Heike Höger-Schmidt C Clemens Kill F Friedrich Reichert J Joachim Risse T Tobias Schilling M Markus Baacke J Jaqueline Bauer M Michael Bernhard J Jonas Bienzeisler S Sabine Blaschke J Jörg Brokmann V Volker Burst H Hans-Jörg Busch H Harald Dormann C Christoph Duesberg S Saskia Ehrentreich A André Gries T Thomas Händl E Eric Handmann F Felix Hans F Frank Hanses T Thomas Henke M Matthias Klein T Tobias Hofmann M Marina Karg J Jan Kleinekorth A Alexander Kombeiz B Bernhard Kumle P Philipp Kümpers C Christoph Lewejohann A Alexander Dinse-Lambracht B Benjamin Lucas C Carsten Mach R Raphael W. Majeed J Jürgen Neubauer R Ronny Otto T Thomas Peschel N Norbert Pfeufer R Rainer Röhrig W Wiebke Schirrmeister D Domagoj Schunk W Wolfgang Stahl H Hartmut Stefani L Lucas Triefenbach B Bernd Uirich F Felix Walcher M Markus Wehler H Hardy Wenderoth S Sebastian Wolfrum C Christian Wrede M Markus Zimmermann M Madlen Schranz

Abstract

Abstract Gastrointestinal infections in Germany account for 24.5 million outpatient visits annually. To enhance outbreak detection and trend monitoring, we developed and validated a syndrome definition for syndromic surveillance of gastrointestinal infections in emergency departments. We selected presenting complaints (Canadian Emergency Department Information System) and diagnoses (ICD-10) to develop the syndrome definition. Validation involved cross-correlation analysis of syndromic and laboratory-based surveillance trends (norovirus-gastroenteritis, rotavirus-gastroenteritis, campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis notifications). We included emergency departments from the German AKTIN registry with continuous data transmission (01/2019–06/2023). Our novel syndrome definition combined complaints (diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea) and diagnoses (intestinal infectious diseases). Across 864,353 visits in 7 emergency departments, 2.1% (n = 18,158) were gastrointestinal infection cases. Of those, 57% (n = 10,424) were female; 23% were aged 0–19 years (n = 4108); and 23% 20–39 years (n = 4116). Trends were similar between surveillance systems. Cross-correlation was 0.73 (95%-confidence interval 0.61–0.85; p < 0.001) at lag − 1, indicating a 1-week relative reporting delay of laboratory-based surveillance. Coherent trends and significant cross-correlation validated our syndrome definition. This novel automated syndromic surveillance complements laboratory-based surveillance while offering improved timeliness and reduced workload. Therefore, it was implemented in Germany’s national routine surveillance of emergency departments.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 15, Issue 1
Published November 03, 2025
ISSN 2045-2322
Publisher Nature Portfolio

Journal Info

Scientific Reports

Nature Portfolio

ISSN: 2045-2322 Open Access Life Sciences

Authors (64)

J

Jonathan Hans Josef Baum

A

Achim Dörre

T

Tamara Sonia Boender

K

Katharina Heldt

H

Hendrik Wilking

S

Susanne Drynda

B

Bernadett Erdmann

R

Rupert Grashey

C

Caroline Grupp

K

Kirsten Habbinga

E

Eckard Hamelmann

A

Amrei Heining

H

Heike Höger-Schmidt

C

Clemens Kill

F

Friedrich Reichert

J

Joachim Risse

T

Tobias Schilling

M

Markus Baacke

J

Jaqueline Bauer

M

Michael Bernhard

J

Jonas Bienzeisler

S

Sabine Blaschke

J

Jörg Brokmann

V

Volker Burst

H

Hans-Jörg Busch

H

Harald Dormann

C

Christoph Duesberg

S

Saskia Ehrentreich

A

André Gries

T

Thomas Händl

E

Eric Handmann

F

Felix Hans

F

Frank Hanses

T

Thomas Henke

M

Matthias Klein

T

Tobias Hofmann

M

Marina Karg

J

Jan Kleinekorth

A

Alexander Kombeiz

B

Bernhard Kumle

P

Philipp Kümpers

C

Christoph Lewejohann

A

Alexander Dinse-Lambracht

B

Benjamin Lucas

C

Carsten Mach

R

Raphael W. Majeed

J

Jürgen Neubauer

R

Ronny Otto

T

Thomas Peschel

N

Norbert Pfeufer

R

Rainer Röhrig

W

Wiebke Schirrmeister

D

Domagoj Schunk

W

Wolfgang Stahl

H

Hartmut Stefani

L

Lucas Triefenbach

B

Bernd Uirich

F

Felix Walcher

M

Markus Wehler

H

Hardy Wenderoth

S

Sebastian Wolfrum

C

Christian Wrede

M

Markus Zimmermann

M

Madlen Schranz