Equitable colorectal cancer screening implementation framework via a modified Delphi Consensus for Romanian healthcare

I Ionut Negoi A Alexandra Boromiz S Suman Baral E Eduard-Alexandru Bonci M Mihai Botezatu T Teodor Cabel G George Ovidiu Cirstea G Gabriel Constantinescu I Ionut Bogdan Diaconescu C Corneliu Dimitriu G Gabriel Dimofte C Constantin Dina F Florin Dinu H Horia Doran S Sergey Efetov B Biniam Ewnte I Ildar Fakhradiyev M Matteo Frasson R Roxana Ganescu D Dragos Garofil Z Zoe Garoufalia O Octav Ginghina F Florin Grama C Claudiu Herteliu I Ioan Tănase V Victor Stefan Ionescu H Hizbullah Jan K Kenneth YY Kok S Sorinel Lunca R Robert Gabriel Lupu Y Yasuko Maeda I Iuliana Marin R Radu Mihail Mirica A Alin Moldoveanu A Anca Morar F Francesk Mulita A Ana-Maria Musina V Velenciuc Natalia R Ruxandra Negoi O Omar Rabah Obaid A Akmalbek Otabekov F Francesco Pata T Tapan Patel G Gianluca Pellino S Sorin Stefan Popescu X Xenia Pucheanu L Lupu Robert Gabriel L Luis Rodrigo L Laura Elena Roșu Munteanu V Vasile Sandru M Massimo Sartelli H Haddadi Saïd T Toni Seppälä C Charalampos Seretis M Mostafa Shalaby M Makkai Silviu B Bogdan Stoica K Kire Stojkovski M Marcel Tantau C Ciprian Toma E Elena Adelina Toma A Alexandru-Vicentiu Tudor S Stefana Ilinca Tudorascu A Alexia Ungureanu A Andreea-Catalina Ungureanu G Gabrielle van Ramshorst G Georgios Ioannis Verras A Albina Zubayraeva

Abstract

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a predominant cause of cancer-related mortality on a global scale. Screening for early detection plays a crucial role in significantly reducing both incidence and mortality rates. However, screening uptake varies widely across regions due to disparities in healthcare resources and implementation of screening programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate various potential strategies for implementing an effective colorectal cancer screening program that enhances adherence. This program should be feasible and appropriate, considering the demographic characteristics, geographical distribution, and logistical factors, including human and material resources, of medical facilities at the national level in Romania. A multidisciplinary panel was convened using a modified Delphi process (two survey rounds and a consensus meeting in early 2022) to develop a harmonized CRC screening framework tailored to diverse healthcare settings. Clinicians and allied professionals from 19 countries (Europe, Asia, and Africa) contributed to the consensus recommendations for average-risk individuals. The panel advised that primary care physicians should play a central role in CRC risk assessment and patient engagement and endorsed initiating screening at age 45 and continuing to 75, with selective extension up to 85 for healthy, willing individuals. To improve participation, we recommended region-specific screening strategies that accommodate local resources and demographics and emphasized a patient-centered approach offering multiple modalities (colonoscopy, fecal immunochemical testing, CT colonography), emphasizing that the most effective test is one that patients are willing to complete. Finally, the study group deemed implementing a centralized system for screening invitations, result tracking, and patient recall essential. This consensus guideline provides a scalable model to enhance screening adherence and reduce CRC mortality through early detection and prevention. This framework is developed for the Romanian healthcare context, informed by international professional input but tailored to local healthcare infrastructure and estimated population needs.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 15, Issue 1
Published November 28, 2025
ISSN 2045-2322
Publisher Nature Portfolio

Journal Info

Scientific Reports

Nature Portfolio

ISSN: 2045-2322 Open Access Life Sciences

Authors (68)

I

Ionut Negoi

A

Alexandra Boromiz

S

Suman Baral

E

Eduard-Alexandru Bonci

M

Mihai Botezatu

T

Teodor Cabel

G

George Ovidiu Cirstea

G

Gabriel Constantinescu

I

Ionut Bogdan Diaconescu

C

Corneliu Dimitriu

G

Gabriel Dimofte

C

Constantin Dina

F

Florin Dinu

H

Horia Doran

S

Sergey Efetov

B

Biniam Ewnte

I

Ildar Fakhradiyev

M

Matteo Frasson

R

Roxana Ganescu

D

Dragos Garofil

Z

Zoe Garoufalia

O

Octav Ginghina

F

Florin Grama

C

Claudiu Herteliu

I

Ioan Tănase

V

Victor Stefan Ionescu

H

Hizbullah Jan

K

Kenneth YY Kok

S

Sorinel Lunca

R

Robert Gabriel Lupu

Y

Yasuko Maeda

I

Iuliana Marin

R

Radu Mihail Mirica

A

Alin Moldoveanu

A

Anca Morar

F

Francesk Mulita

A

Ana-Maria Musina

V

Velenciuc Natalia

R

Ruxandra Negoi

O

Omar Rabah Obaid

A

Akmalbek Otabekov

F

Francesco Pata

T

Tapan Patel

G

Gianluca Pellino

S

Sorin Stefan Popescu

X

Xenia Pucheanu

L

Lupu Robert Gabriel

L

Luis Rodrigo

L

Laura Elena Roșu Munteanu

V

Vasile Sandru

M

Massimo Sartelli

H

Haddadi Saïd

T

Toni Seppälä

C

Charalampos Seretis

M

Mostafa Shalaby

M

Makkai Silviu

B

Bogdan Stoica

K

Kire Stojkovski

M

Marcel Tantau

C

Ciprian Toma

E

Elena Adelina Toma

A

Alexandru-Vicentiu Tudor

S

Stefana Ilinca Tudorascu

A

Alexia Ungureanu

A

Andreea-Catalina Ungureanu

G

Gabrielle van Ramshorst

G

Georgios Ioannis Verras

A

Albina Zubayraeva