Epigenetic cellular memory in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> generates phenotypic variation in response to host environments

E Elisabeth Vatareck (Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research) T Tim Rick (Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet) N Nicolas Oswaldo Gomez (Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research) A Arnab Bandyopadhyay (Department of Systems Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research) J Janina Kramer (Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research) D Dmytro Strunin (Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet) J Jelena Erdmann (Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research) O Oliver Hartmann (Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research) K Kathrin Alpers (Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research) C Christian Boedeker (Leibniz Institute—Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen) A Anika Steffen (Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research) C Christian Sieben (Department of Nanoscale Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research) G Gang Zhao (Department of Systems Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research) J Jürgen Tomasch (Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research) S Susanne Häussler (Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research)

Abstract

Phenotypic diversification within pathogen populations can enhance survival in stressful environments, broaden niche colonization, and expand the ecological range of infectious diseases due to emerging collective pathogenicity characteristics. We describe a gene regulatory network property in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa that generates diversity of gene expression and pathogenicity behavior at the single-cell level and that is stabilized by epigenetic cellular memory. The resulting heterogeneity in the expression of the glpD gene—an indicator of host-derived glycerol metabolism and intra-host presence—shapes adaptive processes that are subject to natural selection. Our work on how epigenetics generates phenotypic variation in response to the environment and how these changes are inherited to the next generation provides insights into phenotypic diversity and the emergence of unique functionalities at higher levels of organization. These could be crucial for controlling infectious disease outcomes.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 27
Published July 08, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (15)

E

Elisabeth Vatareck

Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research

T

Tim Rick

Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet

N

Nicolas Oswaldo Gomez

Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research

A

Arnab Bandyopadhyay

Department of Systems Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research

J

Janina Kramer

Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research

D

Dmytro Strunin

Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet

J

Jelena Erdmann

Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research

O

Oliver Hartmann

Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research

K

Kathrin Alpers

Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research

C

Christian Boedeker

Leibniz Institute—Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen

A

Anika Steffen

Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research

C

Christian Sieben

Department of Nanoscale Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research

G

Gang Zhao

Department of Systems Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research

J

Jürgen Tomasch

Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research

S

Susanne Häussler

Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research